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Ch.4
Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators
| term | functions |
|---|---|
| acetaminophen (aka. paracetamol) | turns into a precursor for anadamide |
| Anandamide | first cannabinoid discovered produced and released as needed and is not stored in synaptic vesicles; does not cross the blood-brain barrier; does not produce effects like those of THC |
| endocannabinoids | endogenous cannabis-like substances |
| lipids | various substances derived from lipids can serve to transmit messages within or between cells |
| opioid | endogenous peptides secreted by the brain |
| Phencyclidine | PCP/Angel Dust binds with the NMDA receptor and serves as an indirect antagonist calcium ions cannot pas through the ion channel |
| Histamine | plays an important role in wakefulness and sleep. Also plays a role in control of digestive system and immune system, and is essential for development of allergic symptoms |
| Histaminergic neurons | cell bodies found only in posterior hypothalamus |
| Adrenalin | hormone produced by the adrenal glands also serves as a neurotransmitter in the brain |
| Epinephrine | aka.-Adrenalin also serves as a neurotransmitter in the brain |
| Naloxone | drug that blocks opiate receptors and is used to reverse opiate intoxication(prevent death from heroin OD) |
| seizures | caused by low levels of GABA |
| GABA(B) | metabotropic receptor |
| GABA(A) | ionotropic receptor |
| GABA | (gamma-aminobutyric acid) most important inhibitory neurotransmitter has direct excitatory effects on axons by decreasing the threshold of excitation and affecting the rate at which action potentials occur- neuromodulator |
| Glutamate (Glutamic acid) | produces postsynaptic potentials by activating postsynaptic receptors Also has a direct excitatory effects on axons by raising the threshold of excitation (neuromodulator) |
| serotonin receptors | There are at least 9 types; different drugs affect different receptors with both (excitatory and inhibitory effects) |
| serotonergic neurons | cell bodies are found in nine clusters, mostly located in raphe nuclei of midbrain, pons, and medulla |
| release of Serotonin | released from axonal varicosities rather than terminal buttons |
| Serotonin aka 5-HT | plays a role in the regulation of mood; in the control of eating, sleep, and arousal; and in the regulation of pain;implicated in the control of dreaming |
| 5-HTP decarboxylase | enzyme that converts 5-HTP to 5HT(serotonin) |
Created by:
Dalea
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