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The Body as a Whole
MBC 100 The Language of Medicine, Ch. 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| abdomen | Space in the body below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gall bladder and intestines. |
| abdominal cavity | Space in the body below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gall bladder and intestines. |
| adipose | pertaining to fat. |
| anabolism | Process of building up proteins in cells. |
| anterior | front surface of the body. |
| cartilage | flexible, connective tissue that is firmer than muscle, yet softer than bone. |
| catabolism | cellular process of breaking down of a complex substance into simple compounds; energy is released to do the work of the cell. caudal |
| caudal | pertaining to the lower portion of an organ or structure. |
| cell membrane | thin and delicate structure surrounding a cell; allows materials to pass in and out. |
| cephalic | pertaining to the head |
| cervical | pertaining to the neck of the body or neck-like lower portion of the uterus. |
| chondroma | benign tumor of cartilage. |
| chondrosarcoma | Malignant, cancerous tumor of cartilage. |
| chromosome | Threadlike structure within the nucleus of a cell; contains genetic material (DNA) |
| coccygeal | Pertaining to the tailbone or coccyx. |
| coccyx | Tailbone. |
| cranial cavity | Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull. |
| craniotomy | Incision of the skull. |
| cytoplasm | All of the substance of a cell other than the nucleus. |
| deep | Away from the surface of the body or an organ. |
| diaphragm | Muscular wall separating the chest and abdomen. |
| disk(disc) | Pad of cartilage between vertebrae. |
| distal | Pertaining to the beginning of a structure. |
| dorsal | Pertaining to the back, or posterior portion of the body. |
| endoplasmic reticulum | Network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. |
| epigastric region | Middle upper region above the stomach. |
| epinephrine | Hormone secreted by the adrenal gland in response to stress and physical injury. Also called adrenaline. |
| epithelial cells | Cells arranged in layers and covering or lining a surface of the body. |
| frontal plane | Vertical plane passing through the body and dividing it into the front and back portions; coronal plane. |
| genes | Segments of DNA that determine heredity. |
| histology | Study of tissues. |
| hypochondriac region | Right and left upper regions beneath the ribs. |
| hypogastric region | Middle lower region of the abdomen. |
| iliac | Pertaining to the ilium, which is the right or left upper most portion of the hip bone. |
| inferior | Below another structure. |
| inguinal region | Right and left lower regions near the groin. |
| intervertebral | Pertaining to between the vertebrae (backbones). |
| intravenous | Pertaining to within a vein. |
| karyotype | Classification of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell determined by a photograph taken during cell division. |
| larynx | The voice box. |
| lateral | Pertaining to the side. |
| lumbar region | Right and left middle regions near the waist. |
| lumbosacral | Pertaining to the lumbar and sacral regions of the back. |
| medial | Pertaining to the middle or midline of the body. |
| mediastinum | Part of the thoracic (chest) cavity between the lungs. |
| metabolism | Chemical processes that occur in cells; including catabolism and anabolism. |
| mitochondria | Rod-like, thread-like, or granular structures in a cell; site of catabolism and release of energy. |
| nucleic | Pertaining to the nucleus. |
| nucleus | Central, controlling structure in cell; contains chromosomes with DNA (genetic material). |
| pelvic cavity | Pertaining to the space surrounded by the bones of the hip region. |
| peritoneum | Membrane surrounding the organs in the abdomen. |
| pharynx | Throat |
| pituitary gland | Endocrine gland at the base of the brain |
| pleura | Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung. |
| pleural cavity | Space between the pleura surrounding each lung. |
| posterior | Pertaining to the back or dorsal side of the body or structure. |
| prone | Lying on the belly (face down). |
| proximal | Near the point of attachment or beginning of an organ. |
| sacral | Pertaining to the sacrum. |
| sagittal plane | Lengthwise vertical plane that divides the body int a right and left portion; lateral plane. |
| sarcoma | Tumor (malignant) of fleshy tissue such as bone, muscle, fat, and cartilage. |
| spinal cavity | Space within the spinal column (backbones) containing the spinal cord. |
| spinal column | Bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity. |
| spinal cord | Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity. |
| superficial | On the surface of the body. |
| superior | Above another structure. |
| supine | Lying on the back. |
| thoracic cavity | Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus and other organs. |
| thoracotomy | Incision of the chest. |
| thyroid gland | Endocrine gland in the neck on either side of the trachea. |
| trachea | Windpipe; tube leading from the larynx (voice box) to the bronchial tubes. |
| tracheal | Pertaining to the trachea. |
| transverse plane | Horizontal (cross-sectional) plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions. |
| umbilical region | Central regions near the navel. |
| ureter | One of two tubes carrying urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. |
| urethra | Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the b ody. |
| uterus | Muscular organ in a female that nourishes the developing embryo during pregnancy; womb. |
| ventral | Pertaining to the front or anterior of the body. |
| vertebra | Single backbone. |
| vertebrae | Backbones. |
| vertebral | Pertaining to backbones. |
| viscera | Internal organs. |
| visceral | Pertaining to internal organs. |
Created by:
Momster
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