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Digestive system
LECTURE
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the main functions of the Digestive System? | -Take in food -Break it down into nutrient molecules -Absorb molecules into the blood stream -Rid body of any indigestible remains |
| What are the six essential activities involved in the processing of food? | 1.Ingestion 2.Propulsion 3.Mechanical Breakdown 4.Digestion 5.Absorption 6.Defecation |
| Define Ingestion | Eating |
| Define Propulsion | Movement of food through the alimentary canal, which includes: -Swallowing -Peristalsis: Major means of propulsion of food that involves alternating waves of contraction and relaxation |
| Define Mechanical Breakdown | includes chewing, mixing food with saliva, churning food in stomach, and segmentation. |
| Define segmentation | Local constriction of intestine that mixes food with digestive juices |
| Define Digestion | series of catabolic steps that involves enzymes that break down complex food molecules into chemical building blocks |
| Define Absorption | passage of digested fragments from lumen of GI tract into blood or lymph |
| Define Defecation | elimination of indigestible substances via anus in form of feces |
| Define Peritoneum | serous membranes of abdominal cavity that consists of: -Visceral Peritoneum -Parietal Peritoneum |
| Define Visceral Peritoneum | membrane on external surface of most digestive organs |
| Define Parietal Peritoneum | membrane that lines body wall |
| Define Peritoneal cavity | Fluid-filled space between two peritoneums |
| What is the function of the Peritoneal Cavity? | Fluid lubricates mobile organs |
| Define Mesentery | double layer of peritoneum; layers are fused back to back |
| Where is mesentery located in the abdominal cavity? | Extends from body wall to digestive organs |
| What are the functions of mesentery? | -Provides routes for blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves -Holds organs in place and also stores fat |
| What are Intraperitoneal (peritoneal) organs? | organs that are located within the peritoneum |
| What are Retroperitoneal organs? | located outside, or posterior to, the peritoneum -Includes most of pancreas, duodenum, and parts of large intestine (also the kidneys) |
| Define Peritonitis | Inflammation of peritoneum |
| What are some of the causes of peritonitis? | Can be caused by piercing abdominal wound, perforating ulcer, or ruptured appendix |
| What helps localize the infection in a patient with peritonitis? | Peritoneal coverings stick together, which helps localize infection |
| When does peritonitis become lethal and dangerous? | When is becomes widespread |
| What is the treatment of peritonitis? | debris removal and megadoses of antibiotics |
| All digestive organs have the same four layers or tunics. What are the layers? | 1.Mucosa 2.Submucosa 3.Muscularis externa 4.Serosa |
| What is the Splanchnic circulation ? | Arteries that branch off aorta to serve digestive organs: -Hepatic, splenic, and left gastric arteries -Inferior and superior mesenteric arteries |
| What are the functions of the hepatic portal circulation? | -Drains nutrient-rich blood from digestive organs -Delivers blood to liver for processing |
| What is the enteric nervous system? | The GI tracts own nervous system. -Also called the gut brain -Contains more neurons than spinal cord |
| What is the gut brain made of? | Enteric neurons that communicate extensively with each other -Major nerve supply to GI tract wall that controls motility |
| Enteric neurons make up bulk of two main interconnecting intrinsic nerve plexuses: | Submucosal nerve plexus Myenteric nerve plexus |
| What is the function of the submucosal nerve plexus? | Regulates glands and smooth muscle in mucosa |
Created by:
Jofro98
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