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CHAPTER 5
ANATOMY
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Tissue | Groups of similar cells are organized into tissue |
| The study of tissue is | Histology |
| 4 major types of tissue | Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous |
| Function of Epithelial | Protection Secretion Absorption Excretion |
| Connective tissue function | Binds, supports, fills, stores fat, produces blood cells |
| Muscle tissue function | Movement |
| Nervous tissue function | Conducts impulsive |
| 3 intercellular junctions | Tight junction Desmosomes Gap junctions |
| Tight junction function and example | Epithelial and close space between cell by fusing cell membranes Lines the small intestine |
| Desmosomes function and example | Epithelial and binds cell by forming "spot welds" between cell membrane Outer skin layer |
| Gap junction function and example | Form tubular channels between cell that allow exchange of substance Cardiac muscle |
| General info on epithelial tissue | Covers organs and body surface Lines cavities and shallow organs Makes up glands Goes under mitosis A LOT and rapidly |
| Simple Squamos location and function | Lungs ; diffusion and filtration |
| Simple cuboidal location and function | Kidneys ; secretion and absorption |
| Simple columnar location and function | Digestive tract (stomach, intestines) ; secretion and absorbtion |
| Pseudostratified columnar location and function | Respiratory tract. ; protection Has cilia |
| Stratified squamous location and function | Many layer in skin ; protection |
| Stratified custodial | |
| Stratified columnar | Protection ; lines male urethra |
| Transitional | Urinary bladder ; protection Changes shapes |
| Glandular epithelial | Compose of cells that produce and secrete substance into ducts or body fluid |
| 2 types of glands | Endocrine glands Exocrine glands |
| Endocrine glands | Secrete into tissue fluid or blood |
| Excorine glands | Secretes into ducts that open onto surface |
| 2 structural types of exorine glands | Unicellular Multicellular |
| Unicellular | Compose of one cell. Such as goblet cell |
| goblet cell does what | Secrete mucus |
| Multicellular | Compose of many cells Example ; sweat and salivary gland Simple and compound |
| Epithelial tissue doesn't have bloood vessels which is | A vascular |
| Connective tissue provides | Nutrients to epithelial |
| Connective tissue is where? | Under epithelial |
| Merocrine glands and location | Secrete fluid by exocytosis Salivary and swat glands and pancreas |
| apocrine gland and location | lose small part of cell during secretion Mammary and ceruminous glands (ear wax) |
| Holocrine gland and location | Release entire cells filled with product Sebaceous gland |
| Connective tissue general info | Most abundant tissue type Cells are farther apart then epithelial cells Stores fat Contains matrix betweeen cells |
| Matrix is | Stuff around cell Ranges from liquid to solid Often has fibers presented |
| Most connective tissue has _____ blood supply | Good/excellent |
| Major cell types of connective tissue | Fibroblast cell Macrophages Master cell |
| Fibroblast | Makes fibers into matrix |
| Macrophages | Defense against infection |
| Master cell | Promotes inflammation to promote healing |
| Major fibers in Connective tissue | Collagen fibers Elastic (yellow) fibers Reticular fibers |
| Collagen fibers | Very strong |
| Elastic fibers | Stretchy |
| Reticular fibers | Thins and branches In walls of spleen and liver |
| Areolar (loose) connective tissue Location Function Fibers Cell types Vascularity | Fibroblast cells Under/in skin Binds and is filler Between muscle Good blood supply Fibers are Collagen |
| Adipose Location Function Fibers Cell types Vascularity | Behind eyes / under skin Cushion, insulates, stores Adipocyte stores fat |
| Adipocytes | Fat cells |
| Reticular connective tissue Location Function Fibers Cell types Vascularity | Thin reticular fibers Supports walls of internal organs Walls of liver and spleen |
| Dense regular | Worse blood supply Closely packed collagenous fibers Few blood vessels Tendons and ligaments Slow to heal |
| Dense irregular | Fibers going in different directions Plenty of blood vessels Dermis of skin Fast healing |
| Dense elastic | In walls of arteries Stretchy In aordia artery |
| Cartilage | Flexible support Poor blood supply Has chondrocytes and lacunae surround matrix |
| Chondrocytes | Cartilage cell |
| Lacunae | Chambers (holes) in the cartilage |
| 3 types of cartilage | Hyaline Elastic Fibrocartilage |
| Hyaline | Collagen fibers Ends of bones Flexible support |
| Elastic cartilage | Outer ear More flexible support Elastic fibers |
| Fibrocartliage | Between vertebrae Cartilage pads in knee Stronger support |
| Bone | Has lacunae Support Skeletal Good active blood supply |
| Blood | Liquid Transportation |
| Osteocytes | Bone cell |
| Serous membranes | Line closed body cavities Wet -> serous fluid Thin simple squamous and areolar |
| Mucous membranes | Lines open body cavities Ex; mouth Wet -> mucus Epithelial and areolar |
| Cutaneous membranes | Dry Stratified squamous Areolar and dense irregular |
| Synovial membranes | Lines joint cavities Only connective tissue Wet -> synovial |
| Muscular tissues | Skeletal Cardiac Smooth |
| Skeletal tissue | Voluntary and moves body |
| Cardiac | Involuntary and moves blood Heart |
| Smooth | Involuntary and walls of hallow organs |
| Nervous | Nerves brain spinal cord Transmits implusives |
Created by:
Kellifrench
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