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Circulatory System
Chapter #12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the heart & where is it located? | Triangular hollow muscular organ/ located in the mediastinum ( space or cavity between the lungs. ) |
| 2/3 of the heart is found? | to the left of the midline |
| What protects the heart? | the Sternum anteriorly / the Vertebrae posteriorly |
| What is the size of the heart and how much does it weigh? | roughly the size of a closed fist, weighing less than a pound. |
| blunt tip or lower edge of the heart | APEX. |
| Where is the Apex located? | Lies on the diaphragm/ pointing towards the left. |
| sound at Apex of the heart | Apical beat. heard at the 5th/ 6th ribs at midpoint of left clavicle |
| What is CPR? | Cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
| The heart has 4 chambers, what are they? | 2 Atria 2 Ventricles |
| Atria | 2 upper chambers/ Smaller than ventricles/ thinner walls/ less muscular/ recieves blood from veins/ known as RECIEVING CHAMBERS/ |
| Ventricles | 2 lower chambers/ larger than atria/ more muscular/ thicker walls/ blood is discharged into the arteries from the heart |
| Pericardium | covering sac of the heart |
| Parietal Pericardium | outer Layer |
| Visceral Pericardium | innner layer directly covering the heart (EPICARDIUM) |
| Pericardial Space | found in between the two layers of the pericardium |
| Endocardium | Lines the inside of the heart chambers ( inner ) |
| Myocardium | Muscle layers of the heart ( middle ) |
| Relaxation of the Heart | Diastole |
| Contraction of the Heart | Systole |
| Atria Systole | Always comes first before Ventricular Systole |
| Heart Valves: Atrioventricular Valves (av) | Between an atrium/ ventricleBicuspid Valve/ Tricuspid Valve |
| Heart Valves: Semilunar Valves | Pulmonary semilunar valve/ aortic semilunar valve |
| Valves on the right side of the heart | Tricuspid/ Pulmonary Valve |
| Valves on the left side of the heart | Bicuspid (mitral)/ Aortic Valve. |
| heart sound: LUB | first heart sound made by closure of the AV Valves |
| heart sound: DUB | second heart sound made by the semilunar valves |
| Pulmonary Circulation | Movement of the blood from the RIGHT VENTRICLE to the LUNG |
| Systemetic Circulation | Movement of the blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE to the whole body. |
| Coronary Circulation | Coronary arteries from the AORTA, brings blood to the heart muscles. |
| Cardiac Cycle | Complete Heartbeat.-one systole -one diastole-0.8 seconds for each cycle |
| What is the sequence of electrical conduction of the heart | Sinoatrial Node > AV Node > AV bundles > Purkinje Fibers. |
| EKG / ECG | records of the hearts electrical activity |
| Depolarization | Contraction of the heart |
| Repolarization | Relaxation of the heart |
| ECG tracing waves. | P waves / QRS waves / T waves |
| P WAVES | depolarization of the atria |
| QRS WAVES | depolarization of the ventricles |
| T WAVES | repolarization of the ventricles |
| What are the 3 Blood Vessels? | ARTERIES/ VEINS/ CAPILLARIES |
| ARTERIES | carries blood away from the heart to capillaries |
| VEINS | carries blood back to the heart from capillaries |
| CAPILLARIES | carries blood from the arterioles to the venules |
| Functions of the ARTERIES | helps maintain blood pressure/ high pressure vessels |
| Functions of the Veins | acts as a blood RESERVIORS (storage area)/ low pressure vessels |
| Functions of the Capillaries | serve as exchange vessels for NUTRIENTS/ WASTE/ FLUIDS - microscopic in size / only one layer (tunica intima). |
| What are the 3 layers of Blood Vessels | Tunica Adventitia (connective)/ Tunica Media (Smooth) / Tunica Intima (endothelium) |
| No Valves | Arteries |
| Has Valves | Veins |
| What part of the Digestive System recieves venous blood. | Spleen Stomach Pancreas Gallbladder intestines (to the livers) |
| Hepatic Portal Circulation | Maintains glucose Homeostasis/ aka SECOND CAPILLARY SYSTEM ( lots of capillaries in liver)/ recieves venous blood from the digestive system |
| Blood Pressure | Push or force of blood in the blood vessels. |
| Highest blood pressure | Arteries esp. the AORTA |
| lowest blood pressure | in the VEINS esp SUPERIOR / INFERIOR VENA CAVAE |
| what are the factors that will increase blood pressure? | BLOOD VOLUME/ HEART RATE/ BLOOD VISCOSITY |
| Instrument used to measure blood pressure | Sphygmomanometer |
| what is Korotkoff sounds? | loud tapping sounds heard through the stethoscope |
| First sound heard (blood pressure) | Systolic pressure |
| Last sound heard (blood pressure) | Diastolic pressure |
| what is the rate normal blood pressure? | 120/ 80 mmHg |
| What is the High Blood pressure rate? | 140/ 90 mmHg |
| The Pulse can be felt at how many major points and what are its locations? | 9 major points: Superfacial Temporal/ Facial/ Carotid/ Axillary/ Brachial/ Radial/ Femoral/ Popliteal/ Dorsalis Pedalis Arteries. |
Created by:
mzx809
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