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Anatomy
Anatomy exam II Thoracic NS and Autonomics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The _____ consists of the brain and spinal cord | central nervous system (CNS) |
| The _____ integrates and coordinates incoming and outgoing neural signals and carries out higher mental functions, such as thinking and learning | CNS |
| The ____ consists of nerve fibers and cell bodies outside the CNS that conduct impulses to or away from the CNS | PNS |
| The PNS has ____ that convey neural impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands | efferent (motor) fibers |
| The PNS has ____ that convey neural impulses to the CNS from sense organs and sensory receptors | afferent (sensory) fibers |
| Spinal nerves arise from the spinal cord as rootlets, which converge to form , consisting of ____ fibers, and a posterior root, consisting of _____ fibers | motor, sensory |
| The cell bodies of motor neurons are located in the _____ of spinal cord gray matter | anterior horn |
| The cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in _____ | posterior root ganglia |
| The posterior and anterior nerve roots unite to form a mixed spinal nerve, which immediately divides into ____ and ____ | anterior and posterior rami |
| The anterior rami of nerves T1-T11 form the _____ that run through the intercostal spaces | intercostal nerves |
| The anterior ramus of nerve T12 is known as the ____ | subcostal nerve |
| The intercostal nerves innervate the intercostal muscles and give off ___ and ____ | lateral and anterior cutaneous branches |
| Small _____ of the intercostal nerves can be found in the intercostal space along the ____ border of the lower rib | collateral branches; superior |
| The ___ consists of _____ fibers that stimulate smooth (involuntary) muscle, modified cardiac muscle, and glands | ANS (viceral; visceral efferent (motor) |
| Viceral efferent motor fibers are accompanied by _____ that conduct visceral pain impulses and regulate visceral function | viceral afferent (sensory) fibers |
| The parasympathetic division leaves the CNS in association with cranial nerves ___, ___, ___, and ___ and with spinal nerves ___ and ___ | III, VII, IX, and X; S2 to S4 |
| The sympathetic division leaves the spinal cord with the somatic components of spinal nerves ____ and ____ | T1 to L2 (or sometimes L3) |
| The _____ division promotes normal visceral function | parasympathetic |
| The _____ division prepares the body to “fight or flight.” | sympathetic |
| In both divisions of the ANS, conduction of impulses from the CNS to the effector organ involves a ______ neuron | presynaptic and a postsynaptic |
| The axon of a presynaptic neuron ____ on the cell body of a postsynaptic neuron in a ganglion | synapses |
| ____ synapse in ganglia on or near the effector organ | parasympathetic neurons |
| _____ synapse in paravertebral or prevertebral ganglia. | sympathetic neurons |
| ______ are linked to form right and left sympathetic trunks (chains) on each side of the vertebral column | paravertebral ganglia |
| _____ are located near the origins of the main branches of the abdominal aorta and named according to the adjacent branch | prevertebral ganglia |
| Prevertebral ganglia include ____, ____, and ____ | celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric ganglia |
| The cell bodies of presynaptic sympathetic neurons are located in the _____ of the spinal cord at levels T1 through L2 | intermediolateral columns (IMLs) |
| The axons of presynaptic neurons leave the spinal cord through the _____ of T1-L2 and enter the _____ | anterior roots; anterior rami |
| After going throught the anterior root,the presynaptic neurons enter the _____ via ___ | sympathetic trunck via white rami communicantes |
| Communicantes is the plural name for ____ | ramus |
| In the presynaptic trunks, the presynaptic fibers can ____ and synapse in a higher paravertebral ganglion | ascend |
| In the presynaptic trunks, the presynaptic fibers can ____ in the paravertebral ganglionm of the ____ level | synapse; same |
| In the presynaptic trunks, the presynaptic fibers can _____ and synapse in the lower paravertebral ganglion | descend |
| In the presynaptic trunks, the presynaptic fibers can pass through the ____ without synapsing into a ______ to a prevertebral ganglion, where it synapses | sympathetic trunk; abdominopelvic splanchnic nerve |
| Each presynaptic sympathetic fiber synapses with ____ postsynaptic fibers | 30 or more |
| Postsynaptic fibers destined for the neck, body wall, and limbs, leave the sympathetic trunks via _____ and enter adjacent anterior rami | gray rami communicantes |
| Postsynaptic sympathetic fibers enter all branches of ____ spinal nerves, including the posterior rami | all 31 pairs of |
| Postsynaptic sympathetic fibers destined for the heart, lungs, and esophagus pass through _____ to enter the cardiac, pulmonary, and esophageal plexuses | cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves AKA: sympathetic cardiac nerves |
| The _____ arise from the sympathetic trunk in the thorax, where they are known as the _____ splanchnic nerves | abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves; thoracic |
| The _____ are divided into the nerves named the greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nerves | thoracic splanchnic nerves |
| Parasympathetic innervation of the thoracic viscera is provided by the _____ | vagus nerves (CN X) |
| Branches of the vagus nerves join branches of the cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves to form the ___, ____ and _____ plexuses | cardiac, pulmonary, and esophageal plexuses |
| The heart is innervated by autonomic nerve fibers (parasympathetic and sympathetic) from the ____ | cardiac plexus |
| The cardiac plexus is located on the posterior surface of the ____ | ascending aorta |
| The cardiac plexus is located on the bifurcation of the ______ | pulmonary trunk |
| The cardiac plexus is located on the anterior surface of the bifurcation of the _____ | trachea |
| The lungs are innervated by nerve fibers from the ____ and _____ | left and right pulmonary plexuses |
| The arasympathetic contributions from the pulmonary plexuses come from the ____ and nerves | vagus; recurrent laryngeal |
| The sympathetic contributions from the pulmonary plexuses come from the _____ nerves | cardiopulmonary splanchnic |
| The esophagus is innervated by nerve fibers from the _____ | esophageal plexus |
| The parasympathetic contributions of from the esophageal plexus come from the _____ | vagus nerve |
| The sympathetic contributions come from the esophageal plexus comes from the _____ | cardiopulmonary sphanchnic nerves |
Created by:
luckynikki
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