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A & P for estetician
anatomy and physiology of face, neck, and shoulders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | study of the body structure and its makeup |
| Physiology | study of the body structure functions and activities |
| Histiology | study of the science of organic tissue makeup |
| Cells | the basic unit of all living cells |
| Protoplasm | a colorless jellylike substance containing food elements |
| Nucleus | dense protoplasm at the center of the cell that acts in cell reproduction and metabolism |
| Cytoplasm | all the protoplasm of a cell beyond the nucleus that contains food material for cell growth, reproduction, and self-repair |
| Cell Membrane | encloses the protoplasm and is a selective barrier |
| Mitosis | division of a parent somatic cell into two identical daughter cells |
| Metabolism | chemical process in living organisms to nourish cells and carry out their activities |
| Anabolism | constructive metabolism, building larger from smaller |
| Catabolism | decomposing metabolism, breaking larger into smaller |
| Tissue | collection of similar cells that perform a particular function |
| Water in Body Tissues | 60 to 90 percent |
| Connective Tissue Function | supports, protects, and binds together other tissues of the body |
| Epithelial Tissue Function | protective covering on body surfaces |
| Liquid Tissue Function | carries food, waste products, and hormones through the body |
| Muscular Tissue Function | contracts and moves the various parts of the body |
| Nerve Tissue Function | carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all bodily functions |
| Connective Tissue Example | bone |
| Epithelial Tissue Example | skin |
| Liquid Tissue Example | lymph |
| Muscular Tissue Example | muscle |
| Nerve Tissue Example | spinal cord |
| Organs | groups of tissues designed to perform a specific function |
| Brain | controls the body |
| Eyes | control vision |
| Heart | circulates the blood |
| Kidneys | excrete water and waste products |
| Lungs | supply oxygen to the blood |
| Liver | removes toxic products of digestion |
| Skin | forms external protective covering of the body |
| Stomach and Intestines | digest food |
| Systems | groups of bodily organs acting together to perform one or more functions |
| Ten Major Body Systems | MURDERSINC; U=E |
| Skeletal System | 206 bones connected by movable and immmovable joints, made of connective tissue: 1/3 animal matter and 2/3 mineral matter |
| Skeletal System Function | give shape and support the body |
| Skeletal System Function | protect various internal structures and organs |
| Skeletal System Function | serve as attachments for mms and act as levers to produce body movement |
| Skeletal System Function | help produce both WBC and RBCs |
| Skeletal System Function | store most of the body's calcium supply, and phosphorus, magnesium, and sodium |
| Joint | movable or immovable connection between two or more skeletal bones |
| Skull | made up of the cranium and the facial skeleton |
| Cranium | 8 bone protection of the brain; TOPFES |
| Occipital Bone | skull above the nape |
| Parietal Bones | (2) form the sides and crown of the cranium |
| Frontal Bone | forehead |
| Temporal Bones | (2) form the sides of the head in the ear region |
| Ethmoid Bone | between eye sockets |
| Sphenoid Bone | joins all the cranial bones |
| Facial Bones | 14 bones of the face |
| Nasal Bones | (2) nose bridge |
| Lacrimal Bones | (2) make up eye sockets |
| Zygomatic (Malar) Bones | (2) cheekbones |
| Maxillae | (2) upper jaw bones |
| Mandible | lower jawbone; largest and strongest facial bone |
| Vomer | part of nasal septum |
| Palatine Bones | (2) mouth palate |
| Inferior Concha | side walls of nasal cavity |
| Hyoid Bone | Main neckbone; U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and its muscles |
| "Adam's apple" | U-shaped bone |
| Cervical Vertebrae | Main neckbones; seven vertebral bones in the neck |
| Thorax | elastic, bony cage made up of the sternum, spine, 12 pairs of ribs, and connective cartilage protecting the heart, lungs, and other internal organs |
| Sternum | breastbone |
| Clavicle | collarbone |
| Scapula | shoulder blade |
| Shoulder Bones | clavicle, scapula, and head of humerus |
| Humerus | uppermost and largest arm bone; shoulder to elbow |
| Ulna | inner and larger forearm bone; elbow to wrist on pinkie finger side |
| Radius | outer and smaller forearm bone; elbow to wrist on thumb side |
| Carpus | 8 small, irregular wrist bones connected by ligaments |
| Metacarpus | 5 long, slender palm bones |
| Phalanges | 14 finger bones; 3 per finger and 2 per thumb |
| Muscular System Function | covers, shapes, and supports the skeleton tissue and contracts and moves various parts of the body |
| Muscular System | over 640 mms make up about 40 percent of the body's weight |
| Muscles | fibrous tissues that can stretch and contract to meet the demands of the body's movements |
| Striated Mms | skeletal or voluntary mms attached to bones |
| Nonstriated Mms | involuntary, visceral, or smooth mms found in internal organs |
| Cardiac Mms | involuntary mm makes up the heart (and nothing else) |
| Origin (of a mm) | part of mm that doesn't move (attached to skeleton) |
| Insertion (of a mm) | part of mm at more movable skeleton attachment |
| Belly (of a mm) | middle part of mm |
| Pressure in Massage | usually directed insertion to origin |
| Massage | hand or electric vibrator stimulates muscle tissue |
| Electrical Current | high frequency or faradic current stimulates muscle tissue |
| Light Rays | infrared rays or UV rays stimulate muscle tissue |
| Heat Rays | heating lamps or heating caps stimulate muscle tissue |
| Moist Heat | steamers or moderately warm steam towels stimulates muscle tissue |
| Nerve Impulses | through the nervous system stimulate muscle tissue |
| Chemicals | certain acids and salts stimulate muscle tissue |
| Scalp Mms | Epicranius or occipito-frontalis |
| Epicranius | covers top of skull in two parts, occipitalis and frontalis, connected by an aponeurosis |
| Occipitalis Location | back of epicranius |
| Occipitalis Action | draws scalp backward |
| Frontalis Location | front of epicranius |
| Frontalis Action | raises eyebrows, draws scalp forward, and wrinkles forehead |
| Aponeurosis | tendon |
| Ear Mms | auricularis superior, anterior, and posterior |
| Auricularis Superior Location | above ear |
| Auricularis Superior Action | draws ear upward |
| Auricularis Anterior Location | in front of ear |
| Auricularis Anterior Action | draws ear forward |
| Auricularis Posterior Location | behind ear |
| Auricularis Posterior Action | draws ear backward |
| Masseter and Temporalis | chewing muscles |
| Platysma Location | from chest and shoulder mms to side of chin |
| Platysma Action | lowers lower jaw and lip |
| Sternocleidomastoideus Action | lowers and rotates head |
| Corrugator Location | beneath frontalis and orbicularis oculi |
| Corrugator Action | draws eyebrow down and wrinkles forehead vertically |
| Orbicularis Oculi Location | rings around eye socket |
| Orbicularis Oculi Action | closes the eyes |
| Procerus Location | bridge of nose |
| Procerus Action | lowers eyebrows and causes wrinkles across bridge of nose |
| Buccinator Location | cheek between upper and lower jaw |
| Buccinator Action | compresses cheeks and expels air between lips |
| Depressor Labii Inferioris Location | surrounds lower lip |
| Depressor Labii Inferioris Action | depresses lower lip and draws it to one side |
| Levator Anguli Oris Action | raises angle of mouth and draws it forward |
| Levator Labii Superioris Location | surrounds upper lip |
| Levator Labii Superioris Action | elevates upper lip and dilates nostrils, as in showing distaste |
| Mentalis Action | elevates lower lip snd raises and wrinkles chin |
| Orbicularis Oris Location | surrounds upper and lower lips |
| Orbicularis Oris Action | compresses, contracts, puckers, and wrinkles lips |
| Risorius Action | draws corner of mouth out and back, as in grinning |
| Triangularis Location | alongside the chin |
| Triangularis Action | pulls down corner of mouth |
| Zygomaticus Major and Minor Location | from zygomatic bone to angle of mouth |
| Zygomaticus Major and Minor Action | elevate lip, as in laughing |
| Nervous System Function | coordinates activities performed inside and outside body |
| Principal Components of Nervous System | brain, spinal cord, and nerves |
| Main Subdivisions of Nervous System | central (cerebrospinal), peripheral, and autonomic |
| CNS or Cerebrospinal | consists of brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves + controls voluntary functions |
| PNS | carries impulses to and from CNS |
| ANS | controls involuntary actions of smooth mms, glands, blood vessels, and heart |
| Brain | largest and most complex nerve tissue in body |
| Number of Cranial Nerves | 12 pairs |
| Spinal Cord | from brain to lower extremity of trunk, protected by spinal column |
| Number of Spinal Nerves | 31 pairs distributed to mms and skin of trunk and limbs |
| Nervous System Composition | fine fibers called nerves and nerve cells called neurons |
| Afferent nerves | carry messages from sense organs to brain + also called sensory |
| Sensory nerves | carry messages from sense organs to brain + also called afferent |
| Efferent nerves | carry messages from brain to mms + also called motor |
| Motor nerves | carry messages from brain to mms + also called efferent |
| 5th cranial nerve | largest cranial nerve |
| 5th cranial nerve aka | trifacial or trigeminal |
| 5th cranial nerve is the chief | sensory nerve of the face |
| 5th cranial nerve serves as | the motor nerve of chewing mms |
| 7th cranial nerve is the chief | motor nerve of the face |
| 7th cranial nerve supplies and controls | facial expression mms |
| 11th cranial nerve | affects mms of neck and back |
| Cervical nerves | cervical cutaneous, greater auricular, greater occipital, lesser occipital |
| Circulatory system | controls steady circulation of blood through body via heart and blood vessels |
| Lymph vascular system | division of circulatory system that carries waste and impurities away from the cells |
| Lymph vascular system function | carry nourishment from blood to body cells, defend against invading bacteria and toxins, remove waste from body cells to blood, and provide fluid environment for cells |
| common carotid arteries | main source of blood supply to head, face, and neck |
| internal carotid artery | supplies blood to the brain, eyes, eyelids, forehead, nose, and internal ear |
| external carotid artery | supplies blood to anterior scalp. ear, face, neck, and side of head |
| jugular veins | blood from head, face and neck flow to heart through these on either side of the neck |
| endocrine | ductless and hormones |
| exocrine | ducts and secrete substances to purify body by eliminating waste |
| digestive | change food into nutrients and waste |
| digestion | takes 9 hours to complete |
Created by:
selfstudy08
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