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Basic Chem 2
Tonicity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| SHRINKING OF BLOOD CELLS | CRENATION |
| A SOLUTION THAT CAUSES CRENATION OF A RED BLOOD CELL | HYPERTONIC |
| NORMAL SALINE IS WHAT KIND OF SOLUTION? | ISOTONIC |
| DESCRIBES A 10% DEXTROXE SLOLUTION RELATIVE TO PLASMA IF A 5% DEXTROSE SOLUTION IS ISOTONIC TO PLASMA | HYPERTONIC |
| DESCRIBES PURE WATER RELATIVE TO PLASMA | HYPOTONIC |
| REFERS TO CARBON-CONTAINING SUBSTANCES | ORGANIC |
| A NITROGEN-CONTAINING WASTE PRODUCT | UREA |
| BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIPIDS | FATTY ACIDS AND GLYCEROL |
| NONDIGESTIBLE POLYSACCHARIDE FOUND IN PLANTS | CELLULOSE |
| PROTEIN CONTAINS THIS ADDITION TO CARBON, OXYGEN, AND HYDROGEN | NITROGEN |
| BUILDING BLOCKS THAT ARE JOINED TOGETHER BY PEPTIDE BONDS | AMINO ACIDS |
| AMINO ACIDS THAT CANNOT BY SYNTHESIZED BY THE BODY AND MUST THEREFORE BE OBTAINED THROUGH DIETARY INTAKE | ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS |
| SUCROSE, MALTOSE, AND LACTOSE; SOMETIMES CALLED "DOUBLE SUGARS" | DISACCHARIDES |
| GLUCOSE, FRCTOSE, AND GALACTOSE | MONOSCACCHARIDES |
| GLUCOSE IS STORED AS THIS POLYSACCHARIDE; IT IS ALSO CALLED "ANIMAL STRARCH" | GLYCOGEN |
| AMINO ACIDS THAT CAN BE SYNTHESIZED BY THE BODY | NONESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS |
| CLASSIFICATION OF TRIGLYCEERIDES AND STEROIDS | LIPIDS |
| CHEMICAL REACTIONS THAT BUILD LARGER, MORE COMPLEX SUBSTANCES | ANABOLISM |
| THE AMINE GROUP OF ALANINE JOINS WITH THE ACID PART OF VALINE TO FORM THIS | PEPTIDE BOND |
| ARE PRODUCED BY THE RAPID, INCOMPLETE BREAKDOWN OF FATTY ACIDS | GLYCOLYSIS |
| SERIES OF REACTIONS THAT ANAEROBICALLY BREAK DOWN GLUCOSE TO LACTIC ACID | GLYCOLYSIS |
| SERIES OF AEROBIC REACTIONS THAT OCCUR IN THE MITOCHONDRIA | KREBS CYCLE |
| END-PRODUCTS OF THE AEROBIC CATABOLISM OF GLUCOSE | CO2 WATER, ENERGY, (ATP) |
| ALMOST EVERY CHEMICAL REACTION IN THE BODY IS CATALYZED BY THIS | ENZYME |
| THIS SERIES OF ANAEROBIC REACTIONS OCCURS WITHIN THE CYTOPLASM | GLYCOLYSIS |
| TYPE OF BOND FORMED WHEN ELECTRONS ARE SHARED BY ATOMS | COVALENT BOND |
| TYPE OF BOND THAT FORMS BETWEEN WATER MOLECULES | HYDROGEN BOND |
| TYPE OF BOND THAT FORMS WATER | COVALENT BOND |
| TYPE OF BOND BETWEEN SODIUM AND CHLORIDE IN TABLE SALT, NaCl | IONIC BOND |
| AN INTERMOLECULAR BOND | HYDROGEN BOND |
| TYPE OF BOND USUALLY FROMED WHEN CARBON INTERACTS WITH ANOTHER ATOM | COVALENT BOND |
| ATOM THAT CARRIES AN ELECTRICAL CHARGE | ION |
| WHAT IS SODIUM ION | A CATION |
| FORMED AS ELECTRONS ARE EITHER LOST OR GAINED | ION |
| CLASSIFATION OF NaCl | ELECTROLYTE |
| CHLORIDE ION | ANION |
| POSITIVELY CHARGED ION | CATION |
| NEGATIVELY CHARGED ION | ANION |
| ION THAT IS REPRESENTED AS Ca2+ | CATION |
| DISSOCIATION OF NaCl INTO Na+ AND Cl- | IONIZATION |
| SUBSTANCE THAT CAN IONIZE | ELECTROLYTE |
| O2 AND N2 ARE MOLECULES; ALSO CLASSIFIED AS... | MOLECULE(S) |
| SUBSTANCES THAT CONTAIN MOLECULES FORMED BY TWO OR MORE DIFFERENT ATOMS | COMPOUND(S) |
| CALSSIFICATION OF H2O, IN ADDITION TO "MOLECULE" | COMPOUND(S) |
| MOST ABUNDANT COMPOUND IN THE BODY | WATER |
| MOLECULE THAT EXISTS IN NATURE AS A GAS AND PLAYS AN ESSEENTIAL METABOLIC ROLE IN SUPPLYING THE CELLS OF THE BODY WITH ENERGY | OXYGEN |
| COMPOUND IS A WASTE PRODUCT THAT IS FORMED WHEN FOOD IS CHEMICALLY BROKEN DOWN FOR ENERGY | CARBON DIOXIDE |
| COMPOUND THAT IS CONSIDERED TO BE THE UNIVERSAL SOLVANT | WATER |
| COMPOUND THAT HAS THE ABILITY TO ABSORB LARGE AMOUNTS OF HEAT WITHOUT ITSELF INCREASING DRAMITICALLY IN TEMPERATURE | WATER |
| DESCRIBES, FOR EXAMPLE, GLUCOSE+O2--CO2+H2O+ENERGY | CHEMICAL REACTION |
| DESCRIBES THE ROLE OF AN ENZYME THAT INCREASES THE RATE OF A CHEMICAL REACTION | CATALYST |
| A SCALE, RANGING FROM 0 TO 14, THAT MEASURES HOW MANY H+ ARE IN SOLUTION | pH |
| ELECTROLYTE THAT DISSOCIATES INO H+ AND AN ANION | ACID/ACIDIC |
| SUBSTANCE THAT REMOVES H+ FORM SOLUTION | BASE/BUFFER |
| DESCRIBES A pH OF 7.6 | BASE/ALKALINE |
| DESCRIBES THE EFFECT OF AN ANTACID ON STOMACH H+ | BUFFER |
| DESCRIBES GRAPEFRUIT JUICE, VINEGAR, AND LEMON JUICE | ACID/ACIDIC |
| ALSO REFERRED TO AS "ALKALINE" | BASE/ALKALINE |
| CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE THAT PREVENTS LARGE CHANGES IN pH | BUFFER |
| DESCRIBES NORMAL pH OF URINE | ACID/ACIDIC |
| DESCRIBES NORMAL pH OF BLOOD | BASE/ALKALINE |
| DESCRIBES NORMAL pH OF GASTRIC JUICE | ACID/ACIDIC |
| SUBSTANCE THAT CAN EITHER DONATE OR REMOVE H+ FROM SOLUTION | BUFFER |
| WHICH NUMBER INDICATES A NEUTRAL pH? | 7 |
| WHAT IS THE ACIDIC RANGE? | 0-7 |
| WHAT IS THE BASIC RANGE? | 7-14 |
| WHAT IS THE THE ALKALINE RANGE? | 7-14 |
| RELATIVE TO pH7, WHICH NUMBERS INDICATES A HIGHER CONCENTRATION OF H+? | LESS THAN 7 |
| RELATIVE TO pH 7, WHICH NUMBERS INDICATE A LOWER CONCENTRATION OF H+? | MORE THAN 7 |
| RANGE FOR BLOOD pH | 7.35-7.45 |
| RANGE FOR INTESTINAL CONTENTS | 8-10 |
| RANGE FOR STOMACH CONTENTS | 1-4 |
| RANGE FOR URINE | 5-8 |
| A LOG IS BURNED, PROVIDING LIGHT AS CHEMICAL ENERGY IS CONVERTED INTO THE TYPE ENERGY | RADIENT |
| WALKING AS AN EXPRESSION OF THIS TYPE OF ENERGY | MECHANICAL |
| A LIS IS BURNED, WARMING EVERYONE AROUND THE CAMPFIRE AS CHEMICAL ENERGY IS CONVERTED INTO THIS TYPE OF ENERGY | THERMAL |
| THE HEART PUSHES BLOOD INTO LARGE BLOOD VESSELS AS CHEMICAL ENERGY IS CONVERTED INTO THIS TYPE OF ENERGY | MECHANICAL |
| TYPE OF ENERGY THAT HOLDS ATOMS TOGETHER | CHEMICAL |
| TYPE OF ENERGY THAT IS RELEASED FROM THE MOVEMENT OF IONS | ELECTRICAL |
| ENERGY TRANSFER SUBSTANCE | ATP |
| THE UNSTABLE NUCLEUS OF AN ISOTOPE SPONTANEOUSLY DECAYS, THEREBY EMITTING THIS TYPE OF ENERGY | NUCLEAR |
| RESPONSIBLE FOR BODY TEMPERATURE AS CHEMICAL ENERGY IS CONVERTED TO THIS TYPE OF ENERGY | THERMAL |
| AN EXAMPLE IS BLOOD PLASMA BECAUSE THE PROTEINS REMAIN SUSPENDED WITHIN THE PLASMA | COLLOIDAL SUSPENSION |
| SOLUTION IN WHICH WATER IS THE SOLVENT | AQUEOUS SOLUTION |
| SOLUTION IN WHICH ALCHOL IS THE SOLVENT | TINCTURE |
| COMBINATIONS OF TWO OR MORE SUBSTANCES THAT CAN BE SEPARATED BY ORDINARY PHYSICAL MEANS | MIXTURE |
| EXAMPLES INCLUDE MAYONNAISE, EGG WHITE, AND JELLIES | COLLODIAL SUSPENSION |
| COMBINATION OF SUGAR AND LITTLE BITS OF IRON | MIXTURE |
| AN EXAMPLE IS SEA OR SALT WATER | SOLUTION |
| SUSPENSION IN WHICH THE PARTICLES ARE SO SMALL THAT THEY DO NOT NEED TO BE SHAKEN TO KEEP THEM EVENLY DISTRIBUTED | TINCTURE |
| DESCRIPTION OF CHEWING AND CHOPPING A LOG | PHYSICAL CHANGE |
| A STRONG ACID | HCl |
| WHAT CLASSIFICATION IS THERMAL, CHEMICAL, AND RADIANT | ENERGY |
| BEST DESCRIPTION OF A RADIOISOTOPE | UNSTABLE |
| WHAT TYPE OF BOND IS FORMED WHEN TWO HYDROGEN ATOMS AND ONE OXYGEN ATOM UNITE TO FORM WATER? | COVALENT |
| WHAT IS DOES POTASSIUM FALL UNDER? | AN ELECTROLYTE |
| THE SODIUM ION IS A(N) | CATION |
| MOST COMMONLY USED TRANSPORT MECHANISM | DIFFUSION |
| A PRESSURE GRADIENT IS THE DRIVING FORCE FOR THIS TYPE OF TRANSPORT | FILTRATION |
| TRANSPORT MECHANISM THAT INGULFS A SOLID PARTICLE BY THE CELL MEMBRANE; A TYPE OF ENDOCYTOSIS | PHAGOCYTOSIS |
| WHAT IS A CHARACTERIZED CONDITION CAUSED BY A LACK OF O2 IN A CRITICALLY ILL PT? | LACTIC ACIDOSIS |
| WHEN BLOOD SUGAR DECREASES, THE GLYCOGEN IN THE LIVER IS CONVERTED INTO WHICH SUBSTANCE? | GLUCOSE |
| WHY ARE YOU, UNLIKE TERMITES, UNABLE TO EAT YOUR WOOD HOUSE? | WE DON'T HAVE THE ENZYMES TO DIGEST THE CELLULOSE |
| GLYCOLYSIS IS...... | ANAEROBIC AND CYTOPLASMIC |
| WITH REGARD TO BASE-PAIRING, THYMINE CAN ONLY PAIR WITH WHICH BASE? | ADENINE |
| WHAT DESCRIBES THE EFFECT OF EXCESS KETONE BODIES IN THE BLOOD OF A DIABETIC PERSON? | ACIDOSIS |
| WHAT ARE 2 NUCLEOTIDES? | DNA AND RNA |
| 3 LIPID-RELATED STRUCTURES ARE | CHOLESTEROL, STERIOD, FATTY ACIDS |
| 2 TYPES OF AMINO ACIDS ARE... | ESSENTIAL AND NONESSENTIAL |
| 3 TYPES OF MONOSACCARIDES ARE... | GLUCOSE, FRUCTOSE, GALACTOSE |
| 2 KETONE BODIES ARE.... | KETOACIDS AND ACETONE |
Created by:
aantonino
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