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A&P Bones of Body
"Language of Med" Ch. 15 LTI-MA:509
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Joints are? | The places where bones come together. Used for flexability of movement |
| Sesamoid Bones | Small,rounded bones resembling a sesame seed. Found near joints and they increase the efficency of of muscles near a particular joint. |
| Diaphysis | The shaft, or middle region of a long bone. |
| Epiphysis | The end of a long bone. |
| Epiphyseal line or plate | Represents an area of cartilage tissue that is constantly being replaced by new bone tisue as the bone grows. Also known as the growth plate. |
| Metaphysis | The flared portion of the bone. It lies between the epiphysis and the diaphysis. |
| Periosteum | Strong, fibrous,vascular membrane that covers the surface of long bones except for the end of the epiphyses |
| Articular Cartilage | The end of a long bone and the surface of any bone that meets another bone to form a joint, they are covered with this. |
| Compact (cortical) bone. | a layer of hard,dense bone that lies under hte periosteum in all bones and lies chiefly around the diaphysis of long bones. |
| haversian canals | small canals containing blood vessels that bring oxygen and nutrients to the bone and remove waste products such as carbon dioxide |
| Medulllary Cavity | the hollowed out central shaft of a long bonethat contains yellow bone marrow |
| Cancellous Bone | also known as spongy or tabecular bone it is porous and very dense |
| Bone Processes | enlarged areas taht extend out from bones to serve as attachments for muscles and tendons |
| Bone Head | rounded end of a bone separated from the body of the bone by a neck; usually covered by articular cartilage |
| Greater Trochanter | large process on the femer for attachment of tendons and muscle |
| Lesser Trochanter | is a small process |
| Tubercle | rounded process on many bones for attachment of tendons and muscles |
| Condyle | round, knuckle like process at the joint; usually covered by articular cartilage |
| Fossa | shallow cavity in or on a bone |
| Foramen | opening for blood vessels and nerves |
| Fissure | narrow, deep, slit-like opening |
| Sinus | hollow cavity within a bone |
| Sutures | joints of the cranial bones |
| frontal bones | forms the forehead and the roof of the bony sockets that contain the eyes |
| parietal bone | the 2 bones on each side of the skull that form the roof and upper part of the sides of the cranium |
| temporal bone | the 2 bones that form the lower sides and base of hte cranium |
| mastoid process | the round proces of the temporal bone behind the ear |
| styloid process | projects downward from the temporal bone |
| occipital bone | forms the back and the base of the skull and joins the parietal and temporal bones |
| foramen magnum | opening in which spinal cord passes |
| sphenoid bone | the bat-shaped bone that extends behind the eyes and forms part of the base of the skull |
| ethmoid bone | the thin, delicate bone that supports the nasal cavity and forms part of the orbits of the eyes |
| nasal bones | the 2 slender bones that support the bridge of the nose |
| lacrimal bones | the 2 small, thin bones located at the corner of each eye |
| maxillary bones | the 2 large bones that compse the massive upper jawbones |
| cleft palate | if the two maxillary bones do not come together before birth |
| mandibular bone | the lower jawbone |
| alveoli | socket where teeth are embedded |
| zygomatic bones | 2 bones, one on each side of the face that form the high portion of the cheek |
| vomer | the thin, single, flat bone that forms the lower portion of the nasal septum |
| sinuses | air cavities located in the cranial and facial bones |
| intervertebral disk | pads of cartilage that seperate bone |
| cervical vertebrae | C1-C7 |
| thoracic vertebrae | T1-T12 |
| Lumbar vertebrae | L1-L5 |
| sacral vertebrae | triangular shaped bone |
| cocyx | tailbone |
| vertebral body | inner thick round anterior portion of the vertebrae |
| intervertebral disk | a pad of cartilage that provides flaxability and prevents shock to the vertebral column |
| spinous process | posterior portion of the vertebra |
| transverse process | a spinous process that protrudes behind the pubis bone |
| neural canal | space between the vertebral body and the vertebral arch through which the spinal cord passes |
| lamina | part of the vertabral arch |
| clavicle | collar bone |
| scapula | shoulder blade |
| sternum | breastbone |
| ribs | 12 pairs of these, first 7 join the sternum |
| xiphoid process | the lower portion of the sternum |
| manubrium | the upper portion of the sternum |
| humerus | upper arm bone |
| ulna | medial lower arm bone |
| olecranon | elbow bone |
| radious | lateral lower arm bone (lines with thumb) |
| carpals | wrist bone |
| metacarpals | the five radiating bones of the fingers |
| phalanges | finger bones |
| pelvic girdle | pelvis |
| ilium | upper part of the pubic girdle |
| ischium | outer part of the pubic girdle |
| femur | thigh bone |
| acetabulum | hip socket |
| patella | kneecap |
| tibia | large bone of the lower leg |
| fibula | smaller bone of the lower leg |
| tarsals | bones of the hind part of the foot |
| calcaneus | heel bone |
| metatarsals | bones of the midfoot |
| phalanges of the toes | bones of the forefoot |
| ewing sarcoma | malignant bone tumor |
| exostosis | bony growth arising from the surface of the bone |
| fracture | traumatic breaking of bone |
| colles fracture | fracture that occurs near the wrist joint at the lower end of the radious |
| crepitus | crackling sound produced by bones rubbing each other or against roughend cartilage |
| osteogenic sarcoma | malignant tumor arising from bone |
| osteomalacia | softening of bone, with inadequate amounts of mineral (calcium) in the bone |
| osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection |
| osteoporosis | decrease in bone density/thining or weakening of bone |
| talipes | congenital abnormality of the hindfoot |
| bunion | swelling of the metatarsophalangeal joint |
| closed fracture | bone is broken but no open wound |
| open fracture | bone is broken and a fragment of bone protrudes through an open wound in the skin |
| pathologic fracture | disease of the bone such as a tumor or infection making it weak |
| comminuted fracture | bone is splintered or crushed into several pieces |
| compression fracture | bone is compressed; often occurs in the vertebrae |
| greenstick fracture | bone is partially broken; it breaks on one surface and only bends on the other |
| impacated fracture | one fragment is driven firmly into the other |
| reduction | restoration of the bone to its normal position |
| ORIF | open reduction/internal fixation |
| mestatic bone lesions | malignant tumors from other parts of the body that metastasize to bones |
| rickets | a softening of bones in children potentially leading to fractures and deformity |
Created by:
nhess0810
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