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Behavioral Neuro
Ch.2 Activation of receptors and postsynaptic potentials
| term | Functions |
|---|---|
| postsynaptic receptors | molecules of a neurotransmitter produce depolarization or hyperpolarization by diffusing across the synaptic cleft and attaching to binding sites of special protein molecules located in the post synaptic membrane |
| neurotransmitter-dependent ion channels | permit the passage of specific ions into or out of the cell |
| ionotropic receptor | a molecule of the appropriate neurotransmitter attaches to it, the ion channel opens |
| metabotropic receptor | neurotransmitters bind with the receptor and activates a G protein which activates an enzyme that stimulates the production of a chemical called a second messenger which travels through the cytoplasm and attach themselves to nearby ion channel an open |
| second messenger | activated by an enzyme to cause ion channels to open. |
| four types of ion channels | sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium |
| excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) | when sodium channels open and result in depolarization |
| inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) | when potassium channels open, some of the cations will follow this gradient and leave the cell. Because potassium is positively charged its effllux will hyperpolarize the membrane |
| chloride channels | the opening of these channels serves to neutralize EPSP's |
| calcium channel | depolarizes the membrane producing EPSP's, but calcium released into the terminal button and triggers the migration of the synaptic vesicles and the release of the neurotransmitter. |
| calcium in dendrites in the postsynaptic cell | activates special enzymes |
| reuptake | the process is an extremely rapid removal of neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft by the terminal button |
| enzymatic deactivation | accomplished by an enzyme that destroys molecules of the neurotransmitter. potentials are terminated this way for acetycholine (ACh) and for neurotransmitters that consist of peptide molecules |
Created by:
Dalea
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