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Apologia Human Body
Module 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A simple epithelial tissue sample has mucus cells within it. Which type of simple epithelial tissue is it? | Simple columnar. |
| Order of the three simple epithelial tissue types in terms of increasing distance between the free surface and the basal surface. | Simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar |
| Glands that secrete substances outward through a duct | Exocrine glands |
| Ductless glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream | Endocrine glands |
| Exocrine glands that secrete without losing cellular material | Merocrine glands |
| Exocrine glands that have cytoplasm in their secretions | Apocrine glands |
| Exocrine glands wose secretions are made up of disintegrated cells | Holocrine glands |
| The chemical substances located between connective tissue cells | Extracellular matrix |
| Spindle-shaped cells that form connective tissue proper | Fibroblasts |
| Mature cartilage cells | Chondrocytes |
| Cells that provide structure or support for parenchymal cells | Stromal cells |
| Cells that provide the actual function of the tissue | Parenchymal cells |
| Cells that undergo mitosis regularly and quickly | Labile cells |
| Cells that do not regularly undergo mitosis but are able to if the need arises | Stable cells |
| Cells that cannot undergo mitosis | Permanent cells |
| If the surface cells of stratified squamous epithelial tissue are alive, the tissue is ______________. | Moist |
| If the number of layers of cells in stratified epithelial tissue changes, which kind of epithelial tissue is it? | Stratified transitional epithelium |
| The secretions of an exocrine gland are examined, and it is determined that there is cytoplasm in the secretions. This narrows the type down to these two: | Apocrine or holocrine |
| Which connective tissue proper's function is similar to duct tape? | Dense irregular connective tissue |
| Which connective tissue proper's function is similar to masking tape? | Loose connective tissue |
| Which connective tissue proper's function is similar to a thick, warm blanket? | Adipose tissue |
| Which connective tissue proper's function is similar to the string on a kite? | Dense regular connective tissue |
| If you are looking under the microscope and are having a hard time distinguishing between cartilage and connective tissue proper, what one thing could you find to positively identify the tissue as cartilage? | Look for cells residing in small pockets (lacuna). |
| What kind of membrane would you find lining the surface of the heart? | Serous membrane |
| Which kind of membrane would you find lining the elbow joint | Synovial membrane |
| Which kind of membrane would you find lining the colon, which leads to the anus | Mucous membrane |
| Suppose a structure in the body is injured but, after a long time, it heals so that it is 100% functional again. What types of cells does it have? | Stable |
| Four basic types of tissue | Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, nervous tissue, and muscle tissue |
| These determine the distance from the free surface to the basal surface in epithelial tissue. | The height of the cells and the number of layers of cells. |
| The glue that the epithelial cells secrete to attach the basal surface to the tissue below | Basement membrane |
| Is the basement membrane ___________________, so the cells must get oxygen and nutrients through diffusion. | Avascular |
| Simple cuboidal epithelium can be found in the _____________ | Kidneys |
| Its function is to allow for diffusion as well as absorption and secretion | Simple cuboidal epithelium |
| Simple columnar epithelium can be found here | Stomach and intestines |
| Its function is complex asorption and secretion as well as protection | Simple columnar epithelium |
| Stratified squamous epithelium can be found here | Skin |
| Its function is to form a barrier | Stratified squamous epithelium |
| Stratified transitional epithelium can be found here | Urinary bladder |
| Its function is to provide protection and the ability to stretch | Stratified transitional epithelium |
| Pseudostratified epithelium can be found here | Airways of the lungs |
| Its function is to provide protection and the ability to stretch | Pseudostratified epithelium |
| Four types of connective tissue | Connective tissue proper, bone, cartilage, and blood |
| Which kind of exocrine gland has no cytoplasm in its secretion? | Merocrine |
| What protein is found in all connective tissue proper? | Collagen |
| Loose connective tissue provides for __________________________ | Light-duty binding |
| Loose connective tissue can be found here | Under the skin |
| Dense irregular connective tissue provides for ______________ | Strength in all directions |
| Dense irregular tissue can be found here | Lower layer of the skin |
| Dense regular connective tissue provides for ___________________ | Tensile strength |
| Dense regular connective can be found here | Ligaments and tendons |
| Adipose tissue provides for __________________ | Insulation and bracing organs |
| Adipose tissue can be found here | Mammary glands, under the skin, and around the kidneys |
| Hyaline cartilage can be found here | Bridge of the nose, costal cartilage of the ribs, and caps on the bones of joints |
| Hyaline cartilage functions like hard plastic, and provides this | Firmness with resilience |
| Elastic cartilage can be found here | Outer ear |
| Elastic cartilage provides this | Flexible support |
| Fibrocartilage can be found here | Joints of the backbone |
| Fibrocartilage provides this | Tough binding and resilient support |
| Serous membranes, in general, are found here | Around the organs |
| Serous membranes have this function | Lubricate organs so that they can move against one another |
| Mucous membranes are found here | Tubes that open to the outside |
| Mucous membranes have this function | Provide protection |
| Synovial membranes are found here | Around the joints |
| Synovial membranes have this function | Provide joint lubrication |
| In general, are connective tissue cells parenchymal or stromal? | Stromal |
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