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A&P Unit I Vocab.
Anatomy & Physiology Unit I Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | study of structure |
| Physiology | study of biochemical and physical function |
| Tissue | group of similar cells with general purpose |
| Organ | distinct structure of multiple tissues with specific function within a system |
| Organ system | collection of organs with common functions |
| Organism | one individual made up all systems |
| Metabolism | Sum of chemical reactions to manage energy and materials |
| Homeostasis | steady state equilibrium of internal conditions necessary for healthy function |
| Receptor | senses conditions in and around body (stimuli) |
| Control Center | processes information from receptors and sends directions for response out to effectors |
| Effector | uses directions from control center to respond to conditions (stimuli) |
| Negative Feedback | self-correcting loop that brings conditions back to equilibrium (within normal range) |
| Positive Feedback | amplifying loop that causes an increased response |
| Chemical bond | attractions between atoms or molecules |
| Chemical reaction | converts reactants to products by breaking and/or building chemical bonds |
| ion | charged atom due to gaining or losing electrons |
| Ionic bond | joined when electrons transferred from one atom to another to form ions |
| Covalent bond | atoms joined by sharing pair of electrons |
| Hydrogen bond | attraction between hydrogen and polar molecule |
| Polar compound | compound with partial positive and negative sides |
| Synthesis reaction | build new molecules; stores energy in chemical bonds |
| Decomposition reaction | break down molecules, releases energy |
| Organic compound | compound with C-H bonds |
| acid | releases H+ ions and lowers pH |
| Anterior | front, ventral |
| Posterior | back, dorsal |
| Medial | towards midline |
| Lateral | away from midline |
| Proximal | towards origin |
| Distal | further away from origin |
| Superficial | towards body surface |
| Deep | away from body surface |
| Superior | above |
| Inferior | below |
| Sagittal | plane divides body into right and left and creates longitudinal sections |
| Frontal | plane divides body into anterior and posterior; also called coronal |
| Transverse | plane divides superior and inferior and creates cross-sections |
| Axial | head, neck trunk |
| Appendicular | limbs |
| Thoracic cavity | chest space |
| Pleural cavities | 2 spaces for lungs |
| Pericardial cavity | heart space; also inferior mediastinum |
| Superior mediastinum | space for esophagus, trachea superior and posterior to heart |
| Abdominopelvic cavity | space for digestive and urogenital organs; superior = abdominal; inferior = pelvic |
| Serosa | double membranes covering lining body cavities and organs (parietal= layer along cavity wall; visceral =- layer over organs) |
| Serous fluid | lubrication between visceral and parietal serosa |
| Gross Anatomy | Examines larges, visible structure (macroscopic) |
| Microscopic Anatomy | Examines Cells and molecules (microscopic) |
| Cytology | Study of Cells |
| Histology | Study of tissues |
| List of all levels of biological organization (smallest to largest) and ther relations to the previous level | Chemical level, grps of atoms are working together(molecues). In the cellular level there are atoms, molecules, and organelles working together. |
| List of all levels of biological organization (smallest to largest) and ther relations to the previous level | The tissue level consists of similar cells working together. Finally the organ level is a group of tissues working together. |
| Atoms | Smallest chemical until |
| Organ system | Group of organs working together |
| Organism | Human |
| Digestive System | Pancreas, Intestines, Liver, Stomach. Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients |
| Respiratory | Trachea, Lungs. Gas exchange |
| Cardiovascualr System | Heart, blood vessels. Pumps blood through body |
| Urinary | Kidney. Regulates fluid level |
| Reproductive | Gonads. Produces gametes |
| Nervous | Brain, spinal cord. Controls body |
| Skeletal | Bones. Supports body |
| Muscular | Moves body |
| Integumentary System | Skin, nails, hair. Protects body from drying out and pathogens |
| Lymphatic | Lymph nodes. Fights infection |
| Endocrine | Thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas. Produces hormones to control body function |
| Organization | Keeping structures separate from each other |
| Metabolism | Obtaining and using energy |
| Responsiveness | Adjusting to changes in the environment |
| Movement | Blood, bones, muscles, cells |
| Development | All changes throughout life |
| Growth | Body size increases |
| Reproduction | Formation of another organism |
| Section | 2D surface of a 3D structure that has been cut |
| Plane | Imaginary 2D surface that passes through the body |
| Serious Membrane | Double- layer of protective membranes.. lines body cavities and cover organs |
| Parietal layer | Lines cavity |
| Visceral layer | Covers organs |
| Set point or normal range | Systems respond to external and internal changes to maintain function |
Created by:
blak.isaa394
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