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Chapter 5
The Legislature Branch
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| constituents | the people who live within the particular geographic area a member of Congress represents |
| apportionment | the distribution of House seats among the states based on population |
| appropriation | a bill that sets aside funds for a specific purpose |
| impeachment | when Congress charges an official in the executive or judicial branch with wrongdoing and brings them to trial |
| oversight | when Congress uses its broad powers to review how the executive branch is operating and to make sure it is following the laws Congress has passed |
| necessary and proper clause | another name for the implied powers. another name for the implied powers is also elastic clause |
| indirect tax | a tax levied on one person but passed on to another for payment to the government |
| direct tax | a tax an individual pays directly to the government |
| deficit | when the federal government is not generating enough income to meet its expenses |
| commerce clause | the federal government's ability to regulate(control) interstate commerce |
| subpoenas | legal document that requires a person to testify in a certain matter |
| writ of habeas corpus | a count order that forces the police to present a person a court to face charges, except in cases of rebellion or invasion |
| bill of attainder | a law that punishes a person without a trial |
| ex post facto laws | laws that criminal an action that took place in the past and was legal at the time |
| reapportionment | the process in which seats are redistributed among states based on the results of the census |
| gerrymandering | the practice of drawing district boundaries for political advantages |
| speaker of the House | the most powerful member and the presiding office of the House of Represntatives |
| bills | proposed laws |
| floor leader | elected member of the majority or minority party who helps manage the action and strategy of the party in the House of Representatives |
| whips | elected members of the majority or minority party who encourage fellow party members to vote as the party leadership wants |
| party caucus | a meeting of all the House of Representatives members from a particular party |
| standing committees | permanent committees in the House of Representatives |
| select committees | committees, typically temporary, that carry out specific tasks not already covered by existing committees |
| joint committees | committees formed with Senate members that address broad issues affecting both chmabers |
| president of the Senate | position assigned to the vice president of the United States by the Constitution that allows the vice president to preside over debates and break tied votes |
| president pro tempore | the person who presides over the Senate in the absence of the president of the Senate |
| Senate majority leader | the most powerful position in the Senate, elected by the majority's party caucus |
| seniority rule | tradition that says the most senior majority senator on a committee becomes the committee chair |
| filibuster | when opponents of a measure take control of the Senate floor and refuse to stop talking in an effort to prevent the measure from coming up for a vote |
| closture | an end to debate |
| rider | a provision attached to a bill that bears little relationship to the bill's main topic |
| joint resolution | Congressional action used in certain unusual circumstances that follow the same procedures as a bill and has the force of law if passed by both houses and signed by the president |
| concurrent resolution | Congressional action without the for force of law that are passed by both houses to address matters that affect the operations of both chambers |
| discharge position | a document that a majority of House members sign to force a bill out of committee |
| committee of the Whole | when all House members become members of a single committee to allow the House to function when many members are at hearings or are otherwise absent |
| quorum | the number needed to legally conduct business |
| roll-call vote | a vote in which each member is required to publicly state his or her vote, also known as a record vote |
| conference committee | a committee formed when the House and Senate must reconcile different versions of the same bill |
| pocket veto | an indirect veto that takes place when the president does not sign a bill within 10 days, during which time Congress adjourns |
Created by:
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