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Anatomy Study Guide
Lecture Guide
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Responsiveness | Irritability and adaptability |
| Reproduction | Creates new generations of similar organisms |
| Metabolism | Chemical operations in the body |
| Anatomy | Structure |
| Physiology | Function |
| Cytology | Studying cells |
| Microscopic Anatomy | Requires magnification |
| Histology | Studying tissues |
| Surface Anatomy | General forms and markings |
| Regional Anatomy | Specific regions |
| Systemic Anatomy | Organ systems |
| Vital Function | Physical and chemical processes responsible for characteristics of life |
| Organizational Levels | atoms - molecules- macromolecules - organelles - cells - tissues - organs - organ systems - organism |
| Integumentary | Body covering - Maintains temperature control and protects us from environmental hazards |
| Skeletal System Function | Support, movement, and protection |
| Muscular System Function | Support and movement |
| Nervous System Function | Integration and coordination - Short term control |
| Endocrine System | Integration and coordination - Long term control * Secrete hormones * Regulate metabolism |
| Cardiovascular System Function | Transport blood, oxygen, nutrients, waste, and more |
| Lymphatic System Function | Defend against infection and disease |
| Lymph | Water and dissolved proteins |
| Digestive System Function | Absorption and excretion |
| Respiratory System Function | Air delivery |
| Urinary System Function | Eliminate waste and excess water |
| Reproductive System Function | Production of new organisms |
| Homeostasis | Maintain stable internal environment aka - Body's thermostat |
| Receptor | Senses a stimulus |
| Control Center | Processes information that was presented by stimulus |
| Effector | Responds to stimulus |
| Negative Feedback Loop | Most feedback loops are this type, response opposes stimulus |
| Positive Feedback Loop | Response reinforces stimulus |
| Disease | Results from failure of homeostatic regulation |
| Anatomical Position | Body standing up, hands at sides, palms facing forward |
| Supine | Anatomical position if lying down but facing up |
| Prone | Anatomical position if lying down but facing down |
| Anterior | Front |
| Posterior | Back |
| Ventral | Belly side |
| Dorsal | Back side |
| Cranial, Cephalic | Head |
| Caudal | Tail |
| Superior | Above |
| Inferior | Below |
| Medial | Towards midline |
| Lateral | Away from midline |
| Proximal | Toward trunk |
| Distal | Away from trunk |
| Superficial | Close to surface |
| Deep | Further from surface |
| Transverse | Divides body into superior and inferior sections |
| Sagittal | Divides body into right and left sections |
| Body Cavities | Protect and cushion organs |
| Dorsal Cavity | Surround the brain and spinal cord |
| Cranial Cavity | Surrounds brain |
| Spinal Cavity | Surrounds the spinal cord |
| Ventral Cavity | Surround the other visceral organs and make up the viscera - Divided into the (superior) thoracic cavity and the (inferior) abdominopelvic cavity |
| Viscera | Gut |
| Diaphragm | Muscular wall separating ventral cavity into thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities |
| Abdominopelvic Cavity | Surrounds the heart |
| Pleural Cavities | Surround lungs |
| Pleura | Serous membrane |
| Messenteries | Double sheets of peritoneum for support and stability |
| Radiological Methods | Used to give detailed info about internal systems |
| X-ray | 2D, used to observe bone |
| CT Scan | 3D, soft tissue more visible |
| MRI Scan | More detail than CT; colored image |
| Ultrasound Images | Not as clear as CT Scan, safe for fetus |
| Cells | Smallest living units in the human body |
| Atoms | The smallest stable units of matter |
| Coronal | Plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior sections |
| Inguinal Region | The anatomical location of the groin |
| Gluteal Region | The anatomical location of the buttocks |
| Peritoneum | Serous membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity |
Created by:
cadencesneed
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