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AmeGovCh1
Principles of World Governments
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Government | governing body of a nation, state or community, sets public policy |
| Democracy | system of government in which eligible citizens/members elected their governmental representatives |
| Communism | a theory created by Karl Marx, favoring a classless society where all property is publicly owned |
| Anarchy | a state of lawlessness and disorder, no law and order, total freedom |
| Oligarchy | a political system governed by a few people, rule of few |
| Republic | a form of government whose head of state is not a monarch, elected representatives |
| Totalitarianism | a form of government in which the political authority exercises absolute and centralized control over all aspects of life |
| Tyranny | a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator |
| Dictatorship | a form of government in which absolute power is exercised by a leader or small group of leaders, not responsible to its people |
| Monarchy | a form of government ruled by king or queen who exercises absolute authority under the claim of divine or hereditary right |
| Magna Carta | charter of rights agreed to by King John of England in 1215 with his citizens as a contract, Europe’s first written constitution |
| English Bill of Rights | outlined specific constitutional and civil rights for citizens and ultimately gave Parliament power over the monarchy |
| State | an area with sovereignty, population, territory, & gov. |
| Sovereignty | Power to act within its territory and control its external affairs, independence |
| John Locke | Enlightenment philosopher who said that man is reasonable and has certain rights, Declaration of Independence |
| Federal system | the powers held by the gov are distributed between a central government and several smaller ones, Federal, state, & local |
| Confederation | Loose alliance of independent states |
| Unitary | all government’s powers concentrated in the central government, one place, one house, or one body, most common |
| Force Theory | The weak give way to the mighty |
| Evolutionary Theory | Clans grew into tribes, tribes grew into states, families started it |
| Social Contract | People voluntarily give power & certain rights to the government |
| Divine right | Rulers are chosen by God |
| Thomas Hobbes | state evolved out of the voluntary act of free men but they needed the strong government to ‘save them from themselves’ |
| Charles Montesquieu | the theory of separation of powers into branches, basis of our gov |
| Presidential gov. | separation of power between executive (Pres.) & legislative (Congress) houses are independent but equal |
| Parliamentary Gov. | Prime Minister and a cabinet of party members, unitary, can hold a vote of no confidence to remove leader, most common form |
| Direct Democracy | (Pure Democracy)- will of the people is translated directly into policy, every vote is counted (Rome) |
| Indirect Democracy | small group of people are elected to represent the masses |
Created by:
ddenson80
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