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Chapter 14, MedTerms
The Male Reproductive System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| androgen | Any hormone that produces male characteristics (root andr/o means "male") |
| bulbourethral gland | A small gland beside the urethra below the prostate that secretes part of the seminal fluid; also called Cowper gland |
| circumcision | Surgical removal of the end of the prepuce (foreskin) |
| coitus | Sexual intercourse |
| ductus deferens | The duct that conveys spermatozoa from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct; also called vas deferens |
| ejaculation | Ejection of semen from the male urethra |
| ejaculatory duct | The duct formed by union of the ductus deferens and the duct of the seminal vesicle; it carries spermatozoa and seminal fluid into the urethra |
| epididymis | A coiled tube on the surface of the testis that stores sperm until ejaculation (root: epididym/o) |
| erection | The stiffening or hardening of the penis or the clitoris, usually because of sexual excitement |
| follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that acts on the gonads; in males, FSH stimulates Sertoli cells and promotes sperm cell development |
| gamete | A mature reproductive cell, the spermatozoon in the male and the ovum in the female |
| glans penis | The bulbous end of the penis |
| gonad | A sex gland; testis or ovary |
| inguinal canal | The channel through which the testis descends into the scrotum in the male |
| interstitial cells | Cells located between the seminiferous tubules of the testes that produce hormones, mainly testosterone; also called cells of Leydig |
| luteinizing hormone (LH) | A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that acts on the gonads; in males, it stimulates the interstitial cells to produce testosterone |
| meiosis | The type of cell division that forms the gametes; it results in cells with 23 chromosomes, half the number found in other body cells (from the Greek word meiosis meaning "diminution") |
| penis | The male organ of copulation and urination (adjective: penile) |
| pituitary gland | An endocrine gland at the base of the brain |
| prepuce | The fold of skin over the glans penis; the foreskin |
| prostate gland | A gland that surrounds the urethra below the bladder in males and contributes secretions to the semen (root: prostat/o) |
| puberty | Period during which the ability for sexual reproduction is attained and secondary sex characteristics begin to develop |
| scrotum | A double pouch that contains the testes (root: osche/o) |
| semen | The thick secretion that transports spermatozoa (roots: semin, sperm/i, spermat/o) |
| seminal vesicle | A sac-like gland behind the bladder that contributes secretions to the semen (root: vesicul/o) |
| Sertoli cell | Cells in a seminiferous tubule that aids in the development of spermatozoa; sustentacular cell |
| spermatic cord | Cord attached to the testis that contains the ductus deferens, blood vessels, and nerves enclosed within a fibrous sheath |
| spermatozoon | Mature male sex cell (plural: spermatozoa) (roots: sperm/i, spermat/o) |
| testis | The male reproductive gland (roots: test/o, orchi/o, orchid/o); plural is testes; also called testicle |
| testosterone | The main male sex hormone |
| urethra | The duct that carries urine out of the body and also transports semen in the male |
| vas deferens | The duct that conveys spermatozoa from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct; also called ductus deferens |
| test/o | testis, testicle |
| orchi/o, orchid/o | testis |
| osche/o | scrotum |
| semin | semen |
| sperm/i, spermat/o | semen, spermatozoa |
| epididym/o | epididymis |
| vas/o | vas deferens, ductus deferens; also vessel |
| vesicul/o | seminal vesicle |
| prostat/o | prostate |
| chlamydial infection (chlamydia trachomatis, types D to K) | Ascending infection of reproductive and urinary tracts; may spread to pelvis in women, causing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) |
| lymphogranuloma venereum (chlamydia trachomatis, type L) | General infection with swelling of inguinal lymph nodes; scarring of genital tissue |
| gonorrhea (neisseria gonorrhoeae; gonococcus, GC) | Inflammation of reproductive and urinary tracts; urethritis in men; vaginal discharge and cervical inflammation (cervicitis) in women, leading to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID); possible systemic infection; treated with antibiotics |
| bacterial vaginosis (gardnerella vaginalis) | Vaginal infection with foul-smelling discharge |
| syphilis (treponema pallidum) | A spirochete; primary stage: chancre (lesion); secondary stage: systemic infection and syphilitic warts; tertiary stage: degeneration of other systems; cause of spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and fetal deformities; treated with antibiotics |
| AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) | A disease that infects T cells of the immune system, weakening the host and leading to other diseases: usually fatal if untreated |
| genital herpes, herpes simplex virus (HSV) | Painful genital lesions; in women, may be a risk factor in cervical carcinoma; often fatal infections of newborns; no cure at present |
| hepatitis B, hepatitis B virus (HBV) | Causes liver inflammation, which may be acute or may develop into a chronic carrier state; linked to liver cancer |
| condyloma acuminatum (genital warts), human papillomavirus (HPV) | Benign genital warts; in women, predisposes to cervical dysplasia and carcinoma; a vaccine against the most prevalent strains is available |
| trichomoniasis, Trichomonas vaginalis | Vaginitis; green, frothy discharge with itching, pain on intercourse (dyspareunia), and painful urination (dysuria) |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) | Nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate; frequently develops with age; also called benign prostatic hypertrophy |
| cryptorchidism | Failure of the testis to descent into the scrotum |
| epididymitis | Inflammation of the epididymis; common causes are UTIs and STIs |
| erectile dysfunction (ED) | Inability of the male to perform intercourse because of failure to initiate or maintain an erection until ejaculation; impotence |
| impotence | Erectile dysfunction |
| infertility | Decreased capacity to produce offspring |
| inguinal hernia | Protrusion of the intestine or other abdominal organ through the inguinal canal or through the wall of the abdomen into the scrotum |
| orchitis | Inflammation of a testis; may be caused by injury, mumps virus, or other infections |
| prostatitis | Inflammation of the prostate gland; often appears with UTI, STI, and a variety of other stresses |
| sexually transmitted infection (STI) | Infection spread through sexual activity; also called sexually transmitted disease (STD) and formerly venereal disease (VD) (from Venus, the goddess of love) |
| sterility | Complete inability to produce offspring |
| urethritis | Inflammation of the urethra; often caused by gonorrhea and chlamydia infections |
| herniorrhaphy | Surgical repair of a hernia |
| prostatectomy | Surgical removal of the prostate |
| vasectomy | Excision of the vas deferens; usually done bilaterally to produce sterility; may be accomplished through the urethra (transurethral resection) |
| emission | The discharge of semen |
| genitalia | The organs concerned with reproduction, divided into internal and external components |
| insemination | Introduction of semen into a woman's vagina |
| orgasm | A state of physical and emotional excitement, especially that which occurs at the climax of sexual intercourse |
| phallus | The penis (adjective: phallic) |
| balanitis | Inflammation of the glans penis and mucous membrane beneath it (root balan/o means "glans penis") |
| bladder neck obstruction (BNO) | Blockage of urine flow at the outlet of the bladder; the common cause is benign prostatic hyperplasia |
| hydrocele | The accumulation of fluid in a sac-like cavity, especially within the covering of the testis or spermatic cord |
| phimosis | Narrowing of the prepuce's opening so that the foreskin cannot be pushed back over the glans penis |
| priapism | Abnormal, painful, continuous erection of the penis, as may be caused by drugs or specific damage to the spinal cord |
| seminoma | A tumor of the testis |
| spermatocele | An epididymal cyst containing spermatozoa |
| variocele | Enlargement of the veins of the spermatic cord |
| brachytherapy | Radiation therapy by placement of encapsulated radiation sources, such as seeds, directly into a tumor or nearby tissue (from Greek brachy, meaning "short") |
| castration | Surgical removal of the testes or ovaries; hormones and drugs can inhibit the gonads to produce functional castration |
| Gleason tumor grade | A system for assessing the severity of cancerous changes in the prostate; reported as a Gleason score |
| resectoscope | Endoscopic instrument for transurethral removal of tissue from the urinary bladder, prostate gland, uterus, or urethra |
| Whitmore-Jewett staging | A method for staging prostatic tumors; an alternate to TNM staging |
| AIDS | Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
| BNO | Bladder neck obstruction |
| BPH | Benign prostatic hyperplasia (hypertrophy) |
| DRE | Digital rectal examination |
| ED | Erectile dysfunction |
| FSH | Follicle-stimulating hormone |
| GC | Gonococcus |
| GU | Genitourinary |
| HBV | Hepatitis B virus |
| HIV | Human immunodeficiency virus |
| HSV | Herpes simplex virus |
| LH | Luteinizing hormone |
| NGU | Nongonococcal urethritis |
| PSA | Prostate-specific antigen |
| STD | Sexually transmitted disease |
| STI | Sexually transmitted infection |
| TPUR | Transperineal urethral resection |
| TSE | Testicular self-examination |
| TUIP | Transurethral incision of prostate |
| TURP | Transurethral resection of prostate |
| UG | Urogenital |
| UTI | Urinary tract infection |
| VD | Venereal disease (sexually transmitted infection) |
| VDRL | Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (test for syphilis) |
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