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Chapter 3
Cell Parts and Organelles
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Plasma Membrane | The covering of a cell that allows materials to pass in and out of the cell. Made up of phospholipids. |
Organelle | Cellular Organs. Structures found in cells that perform tasks necessary for the cell to function and live. |
Nucleus | A large organelle that contains the chromosomes (DNA) and is the control center for the cell. |
Cytoplasm | A jelly-like substance found in the cell that holds organelles in place. |
Cytoskeleton | A cell's skeleton that gives the cell its shape |
Ribosomes | Small organelles made up of two parts that produce proteins in the cytoplasm. |
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) | An organelle that looks like bunches of flattened disks and is covered in ribosomes. The RER helps produce proteins. |
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) | Flattened disk like structure, but it lacks the ribosomes. The SER produces lipids such as phospholipids for the membrane. |
Golgi Apparatus | An organelle that resembles a stack of pancakes. The golgi apparatus modifies proteins, lipids, and packages the cellular molecules for transport to other parts of the cell. |
Lysosomes | Membrane bound sacs produced by the golgi apparatus that contain digestive enzymes. Lysosomes breakdown dead cell parts, wastes, or unneeded materials. |
Peroxisomes | Vesicles that contain enzymes used to detoxify drugs, alcohol, and other toxins in the body. |
Vacuole | Large storage molecules in cells. Vacuoles are very large in plants. |
Mitochondria | Produce energy for the cell by breaking down glucose and producing ATP. |
Parts of the cytoskeleton | Microtubules, intermediate filaments, and actin filaments. |
Centrioles | Organelles that play a role in cell division by pulling apart chromosomes. |
Cilia | Hair-like structures that help in cell movement or the movement of material around the cell. |
Flagella | Long tail shaped structures that play a role in cell movement. |
Vesicles | Vesicles are not organelles, but are sacs that are produced to move materials within a cell or as temporary storage. |