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Chapter 2
Biomolecules 2.4-2.7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Carbohydrates | Molecules used for quick, short term energy. |
| Monosaccharide | A simple sugar/ a carbohydrate subunit |
| Pentose | A sugar made of five carbons |
| Hexose | A sugar made of six carbons |
| Glucose | The sugar used by the human body for immediate energy |
| Disaccharide | Two monosaccharides joined together |
| Polysaccharides | Many monosaccharides joined together |
| Starch/Glycogen | Storage molecules made of many glucose molecules. Starch is found in plants and glycogen is found in animals. |
| Cellulose | A polysaccharide found in plant cells. A good dietary fiber. |
| Lipids | High energy biomolecules that function as long-term energy storage in organisms. (Fats) |
| Steroids | A special type of lipid that play an important role in hormone production. |
| Fats | Found in animals, characterized by being solid at room temperature. |
| Oils | Usually found in plants and are liquid at room temperature. |
| Function of body fats | Energy storage, insulation from heat loss, cushions major body organs. |
| Fat Molecule Structure | A glycerol molecule bound to three fatty acids. |
| Emulsifiers | Cause fats and water to mix. (Soap) |
| Phospholipids | A special type of fat that contains a phosphate group. Phospholipids make up cell membranes. |
| Proteins | Molecules composed of amino acids. |
| Amino Acids | Protein subunits that contain a central carbon, amino groups (Amino), carboxyl groups (Acid), and special R groups. |
| Protein Structure | Proteins require special shapes to function properly. |
| Denaturation | An irreversible change to a protein shape that changes the function. (Cooking an egg) |
| Enzymes | Special proteins that allow chemical reactions to occur more easily. (Lowers activation energy of a reaction) |
| Nucleic Acids | Macromolecules composed of nucleotides (DNA or RNA) |
| Nucleotides | A DNA subunit. |
| Genes | A piece of DNA that codes for a body protein |
| ATP | An energy storage molecule that is used to release energy for chemical reactions. |
Created by:
Mr.Klein
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