Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 08, MedTerms
Drugs
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| anaphylaxis | An extreme allergic reaction that can lead to respiratory distress, circulatory collapse, and death |
| antagonist | A substance that interferes with or opposes the action of a drug |
| brand name | The trade or proprietary name of a drug, a registered trademark of the manufacturer; written with an initial capital letter |
| contraindication | A factor that makes the use of a drug undesirable or dangerous |
| drug | A substance that alters body function |
| efficacy | The power to produce a specific result; effectiveness |
| generic name | The nonproprietary name of a drug; that is, a name that is not privately owned or trademarked; usually a simplified version of the chemical name; not capitalized |
| phytomedicine | Another name for herbal medicine (root phyt/o meaning "plant") |
| potentiation | Increased potency created by two drugs acting together |
| prescription (Rx) | Written and signed order for a drug with directions for its administration |
| side effect | A result of drug therapy or other therapy that is unrelated to or an extension of its intended effect; usually applies to an undesirable effect of treatment |
| substance dependence | A condition that may result from chronic use of a drug, in which a person has a chronic or compulsive need fora drug regardless of its adverse effects; dependence may be psychologic or physical |
| synergy | Combined action of two or more drugs working together to produce an effect greater than any of the drugs could produce when acting alone; also called synergism; adjective: synergistic |
| tolerance | A condition in which chronic use of a drug results in loss of effectiveness and the dose must be increased to produce the original response |
| withdrawal | A condition that results from abrupt cessation or reduction of a drug that has been used regularly |
| -lytic (adjective of lysis) | dissolving, reducing, loosening |
| -mimetic | mimicking, simulating |
| -tropic | acting on |
| anti- | against |
| contra- | against, opposite, opposed |
| counter- | against, opposed |
| alg/o, algi/o, algesi/o | pain |
| chem/o | chemical |
| hypn/o | sleep |
| narc/o | stupor |
| pharm, pharmac/o | drug, medicine |
| pyr/o, pyret/o | fever |
| tox/o, toxic/o | poison, toxin |
| vas/o | vessel |
| APAP | Acetaminophen |
| ASA | Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) |
| ASHP | American Society of Health System Pharmacists |
| cap | Capsule |
| elix | Elixir |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration |
| INH | Isoniazid (antituberculosis drug) |
| MED(s) | Medicine(s), medication(s) |
| NSAID(s) | Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug(s) |
| ODS | Office of Dietary Supplements |
| OTC | Over-the-counter |
| PDR | Physicians' Desk Reference |
| Rx | Prescription |
| supp | Suppository |
| susp | Suspension |
| tab | Tablet |
| tinct | Tincture |
| ung | Ointment |
| USP | United States Pharmacopeia |
| a̅ | Before (Latin, ante) |
| a̅a̅ | Of each (Greek, ana) |
| ac | Before meals (Latin, ante cibum) |
| ad lib | As desired (Latin, ad libitum) |
| aq | Water (Latin, aqua) |
| bid, b.i.d. | Twice a day (Latin, bis in die) |
| c̅ | With (Latin, cum) |
| DAW | Dispense as written |
| D/C, dc | Discontinue |
| DS | Double strength |
| hs | At bedtime (Latin, hora somni) |
| ID | Intradermal(ly) |
| IM | Intramuscular(ly) |
| IU | International unit |
| IV | Intravenous(ly) |
| LA | Long-acting |
| mcg | Microgram |
| mg | Milligram |
| mL | Milliliter |
| p | After, post |
| pc | After meals (Latin, post cibum) |
| po, PO | By mouth (Latin, per os) |
| pp | Postprandial (after a meal) |
| prn | As needed (Latin, pro re nata) |
| qam | Every morning (Latin, quaque ante meridiem) |
| qh | Every hour (Latin, quaque hora) |
| q_h | Every _ hours |
| qid, q.i.d. | Four times a day (Latin, quater in die) |
| "s" with a line over it | Without (Latin, sine) |
| SA | Sustained action |
| SC, SQ, subcut | Subcutaneous(ly) |
| SL | Sublingual(ly) |
| SR | Sustained release |
| "ss" with a line over it | Half (Latin, semis) |
| tid, t.i.d. | Three times per day (Latin, ter in die) |
| U | Unit(s) |
| x | Times |
| adrenergics | Mimic the action of the sympathetic nervous system, which responds to stress; used to treat bronchospasms, allergic reactions, hypotension |
| analgesics | Alleviate pain |
| narcotics | Decrease pain sensation in central nervous system; chronic use may lead to physical dependence |
| nonnarcotics | Act peripherally to inhibit prostaglandins (local hormones); they may also be antiinflammatory and antipyretic (reduce fever); Cox-2 inhibitors limit an enzyme that causes inflammation without affecting a related enzyme that protects the stomach lining |
| anesthetics | Reduce or eliminate sensation (esthesi/o) |
| anticoagulants | Prevent coagulation and formation of blood clots |
| anticonvulsants | Suppress or reduce the number and/or intensity of seizures |
| antidiabetics | Prevent or alleviate diabetes |
| antiemetics | Relieve symptoms of nausea and prevent vomiting (emesis) |
| antihistamines | Prevent responses mediated by histamine: allergic and inflammatory reactions |
| antihypertensives | Lower blood pressure by reducing cardiac output dilating vessels, or promoting excretion of water by the kidneys. ACE inhibitors block production of a substance that raises blood pressure; ARBs interfere with the action of that substance. |
| antiinflammatory drugs | Counteract inflammation and swelling |
| corticosteroids | Hormones from the cortex of the adrenal gland; used for allergy, respiratory and blood diseases, injury, and malignancy; suppress the immune system |
| nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) | Reduce inflammation and pain by interfering with synthesis of prostaglandins; also antipyretic |
| antiinfective agents | Kill or prevent the growth of infectious organisms |
| antibacterials | Effective against bacteria |
| antifungals | Effective against fungi |
| antiparasitics | Effective against parasites—protozoa, worms |
| antivirals | Effective against viruses |
| antineoplastics | Destroy cancer cells; they are toxic for all cells but have greater effect on cells that are actively growing and dividing; hormones and hormone inhibitors also are used to slow tumor growth |
| cardiac drugs | Act on the heart |
| antiarrhythmics | Correct or prevent abnormalities of heart rhythm |
| beta-adrenergic blockers (beta-blockers) | Inhibit sympathetic nervous system; reduce rate and force of heart contractions |
| calcium-channel blockers | Dilate coronary arteries, slow heart rate, reduce contractions |
| hypolipidemics | Lower cholesterol in patients with high serum levels that cannot be controlled with diet alone; hypocholesterolemics, statins |
| nitrates; antianginal agents | Dilate coronary arteries and reduce heart's workload by lowering blood pressure and reducing venous return |
| CNS stimulants | Stimulate the central nervous system |
| diuretics | Promote excretion of water, sodium, and other electrolytes by the kidneys; used to reduce edema and blood pressure; loop diuretics act on the kidney tubules |
| gastrointestinal drugs | Act on the digestive tract |
| antidiarrheals | Treat or prevent diarrhea by reducing intestinal motility or absorbing irritants and soothing the intestinal lining |
| histamine H2 antagonists | Decrease stomach acid secretion by interfering with the action of histamine at H2 receptors; used to treat ulcers and other gastrointestinal problems |
| laxatives | Promote elimination from the large intestine; types include: stimulants, hyperosmotics (retain water), stool softeners, bulk-forming agents |
| proton pump inhibitors | Reduce stomach acidity by blocking transport of hydrogen ions (protons) into the stomach |
| muscle relaxants | Depress nervous system stimulation of skeletal muscles; used to control muscle spasms and pain |
| psychotropics | Affect the mind, altering mental activity, mental state, or behavior |
| antianxiety agents | Reduce or dispel anxiety; tranquilizers; anxiolytic agents |
| antidepressants | Relieve depression by raising brain levels of neurotransmitters (chemicals active in the nervous system) |
| antipsychotics | Act on nervous system to relieve symptoms of psychoses |
| respiratory drugs | Act on the respiratory system |
| antitussives | Suppress coughing |
| asthma maintenance drugs; bronchodilators | Used for prevention of asthma attacks and chronic treatment of asthma; prevent or eliminate spasm of the bronchi (breathing tubes) by relaxing bronchial smooth muscle; used to treat asthma attacks and bronchitis |
| expectorants | Induce productive coughing to eliminate respiratory secretions |
| mucolytics | Loosen mucus to promote its elimination |
| sedatives/hypnotics | Induce relaxation and sleep; lower (sedative) doses promote relaxation leading to sleep; higher (hypnotic) dose induce sleep; antianxiety agents also used |
| aloe | part used: leaf; treatment for burns and minor skin irritations |
| black cohosh | part used: root; reduction of menopausal hot flashes |
| chamomile | part used: flower; antiinflammatory, gastrointestinal antispasmodic, sedative |
| echinacea | parts used: all; may reduce severity and duration of colds, may stimulate the immune system, used topically for wound healing |
| evening primrose oil | part used: seed; source of essential fatty acids important for the health of the cardiovascular system; treatment of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), rheumatoid arthritis, skin disorders |
| flax | part used: seed; source of fatty acids important in maintaining proper lipids (e.g., cholesterol) in the blood |
| ginger | part used: root; relief of nausea and motion sickness, treatment of colds and sore throat |
| ginkgo | part used: leaf; improves blood circulation in and function of the brain, improves memory, used to treat dementia, antianxiety agent, protects the nervous system |
| ginseng | part used: root; stress reduction, lowers blood cholesterol and blood sugar |
| green tea | part used: leaf; antioxidant, acts against cancer of the gastrointestinal tract and skin, oral antimicrobial agent, reduces dental caries |
| kava | part used: root; antianxiety agent, sedative |
| milk thistle | parts used: seeds; protects the liver against toxins, antioxidant |
| saw palmetto | parts used: berries; used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) |
| slippery elm | part used: bark; as lozenge for throat irritation, for gastrointestinal irritation and upset, protects irritated skin |
| soy | part used: bean; rich source of nutrients; protective estrogenic effects in menopausal symptoms; osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, cancer prevention |
| St. John's wort | part used: flower; treatment of anxiety and depression, has antibacterial and antiviral properties (note: this product can interact with a variety of drugs) |
| tea tree oil | part used: leaf; antimicrobial; used to heal cuts, skin infections, burns |
| valerian | part used: root; sedative, sleep aid |
| absorption | drug taken into the circulation through the digestive tract or by transfer across another membrane |
| inhalation | administration through the respiratory system, as by breathing in an aerosol or nebulizer spray |
| instillation | liquid is dropped or poured slowly into a body cavity or on the surface of the body, such as into the ear or onto the conjuctiva of the eye |
| oral | given by mouth; per os (po) |
| rectal | administered by rectal suppository or enema |
| sublingual (SL) | administered under the tongue |
| topical | applied to the surface of the skin |
| transdermal | absorbed through the skin, as from a patch placed on the surface of the skin |
| injection | administered by a needle and syringe; described as parenteral routes of administration |
| epidural | injected into the space between the meninges (membranes around the spinal cord) and the spine |
| hypodermoclysis | administration of a solution by subcutaneous infusion; useful for fluid delivery as an alternative for intravenous infusion |
| intradermal (ID) | injected into the skin |
| intramuscular (IM) | injected into a muscle |
| intravenous (IV) | injected into a vein |
| spinal (intrathecal) | injected through the meninges into the spinal fluid |
| subcutaneous (SC) | injected beneath the skin; hypodermic |
| aerosol | solution dispersed as a mist to be inhaled |
| aqueous solution | substance dissolved in water |
| elixir (elix) | a clear, pleasantly flavored and sweetened hydroalcoholic liquid intended for oral use |
| emulsion | a mixture in which one liquid is dispersed but not dissolved in another liquid |
| lotion | solution prepared for topical use |
| suspension (susp) | fine particles dispersed in a liquid, must be shaken before use |
| tincture (tinct) | substance dissolved in an alcoholic solution |
| cream | a semisolid emulsion used topically |
| ointment (ung) | drug in a base that keeps it in contact with the skin |
| capsule (cap) | material in a gelatin container that dissolves easily in the stomach |
| lozenge | a pleasant-tasting medicated tablet or disk to be dissolved in the mouth, such as a cough drop |
| suppository (supp) | substance mixed and molded with a base that melts easily when inserted into a body opening |
| tablet (tab) | a solid dosage form containing a drug in a pure state or mixed with a nonactive ingredient and prepared by compression or molding, also called a pill |
| ampule | a small sealed glass or plastic container used for sterile intravenous solutions |
| bolus | a concentrated amount of a diagnostic or therapeutic substance given rapidly intravenously |
| catheter | a thin tube that can be passed into a body cavity, organ, or vessel |
| syringe | an instrument for injecting fluid |
| vial | a small glass or plastic container |
Created by:
SeedyVampire
Popular Medical sets