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Clini 2
Eyes and ears
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| CATARACTS | Caused by clumping of protein with in the lense causing cloudiness and blurred vision ( leading cause of blindness worldwide ) |
| CARARACTS S &.S | Begin with haziness More glare with bright lights Cause unknown |
| CATARACTS RISK FACTORS | Age / diabetes / obesity / smoking / family HX / steroids / alcohol use |
| OPTTHALMOLOGIST | Specializes in disease and disorders of the eye RX /TX / SURGERY |
| OPTOMETRIST | Not an MD TX / RX NO SURGERY |
| Opticain | ONLY FILLS RX FOR GLASSES AND CONTACTS |
| OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGIST | ENT CAN ALSO HELP WITH SLEEP APNEA |
| AUDIOLOGIST | Specializes in identifying and TX of hearing disorders NOT A MD MUST HAVE A DOCTORATE HEARING AIDS |
| OD | Right eye |
| OS | Left eye |
| OU | Both eyes |
| AD | Right ear |
| AS | Left ear |
| AU | Both ears |
| OE | Otitis externa |
| OM | Otitis media |
| OI | Otitis interna |
| GLAUCOMA | Group of diseases that lead to destruction of the optic nerve ( result from intraocular pressure) |
| GLAUCOMA S & S | Loss of peripheral vision DX DONE WITH TONOMETER ( which measures intraocular pressure) |
| GLAUCOMA TX | Surgery with trabeutectomy relieves pressure |
| GLAUCOMA RISK FACTORS | African Americans / diabetes / over age of 60 extreme myopia |
| VISUAL ACUITY TESTING | Screening procedures done to identify possible errors in refraction |
| MYOPIA ( near- sighted) | Ability to only see objects up close |
| HYPEROPIA (Farsighted) | Ability to only see objects far away |
| PREBYOPIA ( due to age ) | Far - sightedness due to age Result of decreased elasticity of the lens Need reading glasses |
| ASTIGMATISM | Abnormal curvature of the lens resulting in blurry vision |
| STRABISMUS | Cross eyed /. Lazy eyes Result of muscle weakness Patches can be worn over good eye to strengthen lazy eye |
| SNELLEN CHART Distance visual acuity | Series of letters in ascending order Most common eye chart used |
| SNELLEN fraction | Top line indicates how many feet away PT stood from chart Bottom line indicates how many feet away a person with perfect vision can read the line |
| TUMBLING E / LANDOLT C | TUMBLING E'S. E's facing in different directions used for young children or language barrier LANDOLT C'S. A segment of circles with different segments missing from each circle |
| JAEGER CHART NEAR VISIONS ACUITY | Series of paragraphs in ascending order PT results are recorded as a paragraph read without error while holding chart 12 - 14 in from eyes |
| COLOR VISION ACUITY ISHIHARA CHART | Series of plates made up of colored dots PT has to identify # in the middle to determine if they are color deficient |
| CONTRAST SENSITIVITY | Various bcharts showing letters in fading contrast / used to detect: macular degeneration / diabetic retinopathy/ cataracts/ glaucoma |
| NEUROSENSORY HEARING LOSS | Nerve damage : nerve deafness results from damage to inner ear or auditory nerve |
| NEUROSENSORY HEARING LOSS CAUSES | Hereditary/ damage from infection disease ex: measles / mumps/ prolonged exposure to loud noises/ tumors/ degeneration from old age |
| CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS | Sound waves cannot reach the middle ear |
| CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS CAUSES | Impacted cerulean / tumors / polyps / and foreign body |
| EAR INFECTION OE | OE : otitis externa aka swimmers ear Infection of outer ear canal Requires ABX get drops |
| EAR INFECTION OM | Otitis media Most common infection in children < 2 hrs Collection of fluid in the middle ear behind the thymanic membrane |
| GROSS HEARING SCREEN | Uses a tuning fork |
| WEBERS TEST | Proformed on PT who hears better in one ear then the other |
| WEBERS TEST TUNING FORK | Base of vibrating tuning fork is held on crown of head PT indicates which side they hear better |
| RINNE TEST | Compares hearing through bone conduction verses air conduction |
| RINNE TEST IS DONE BY | Tuning fork is placed on mastoid process behind the errand timed PT indicates when they no longer hear sounds ( bone conduction) Then held over outer ear and timed again until PT no longer hears sound (air conduction |
| NORMAL HEARING | PT should hear sound threw air twice as long as sound threw bone |
| AUDIOMETER | Sound measured at different frequencies |
| TYMPANOMETER THERMONITOR IN EAR | Measures vibrations of tympanic membrane |
| VISUAL ACUITY | Both near and distance as well as color vision assessment |
| AUDIOMETER | Instrument that measures hearing |
| Ophthalmoscope | Instrument to examine internal structures of the eye |
| Otoscope | Instrument to examine the ear |
| EYE | Spherical organ that allows vision |
| Eye 3 protective layers | Sclera / choroid / conjunctiva Light enters eye via the cornea and passes threw to anterior chamber |
| Iris | Colored part of the eye |
| EYE ANATONY | Light passes through to the lens and then visualized image reaches the retina |
| FOVEA CENTRALIS | Area in posterior retina where incoming light waves focus and light , color, and shapes formed into nerve impulses |
| RODS AND CONES | Are found in the retina |
| AURICLE | Outer ear serves as mini satellite to catch sound waves and funnel them into the inner ear |
| Sound waves pass through ? | The auditory canal until the reach the eardrum or tympanic membrane |
| Ossicles | Bones of the middle ear |
| COCHLEA | Snail shaped structure of inner ear |
| Vibrations converted into nerve impulses and | Transmitted via auditory nerve to the brain where they are processed as sound |
| INNER EAR | 3 semicircular canals filled with fluid and hair like cells that move when liquid flows over them during motion of the head and body |
Created by:
Tbella
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