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Unit 2
Course 5011
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Natural Science | Empirical phenomena, Direct observation &measurement of phenomena or its permanent products |
| Science | A systematic approach for seeking and organizing knowledge about the natural world |
| Goals of Science | Description, prediction, control and development technology |
| Types of Natural Science | Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Behavior Analysis |
| Social Science | Hypothetical constructs outside of the natural realm; Indirect observation & measurement |
| Types of Social Science | Psychology, sociology, political science |
| Philosophical Assumptions | Determinism, empiricism, parsimony, philosophical doubt, pragmatism |
| Determinsism | The universe is a lawful and orderly place. |
| Empiricism | Objective observation with thorough description and quantification of the phenomena of interest, behavior |
| Experimentation | Systematic manipulation of an independent variable. |
| Replication | Repeating any part of an experiment |
| Parsimony | Requires that all simple, logical explanations for the phenomena of interest be ruled out experimentally before more complex or abstract explanations are considered. |
| Philosophical Doubt | Continually question the truthfulness of what is regarded as fact. |
| Pragmatism | Assesses the truth of theories or beliefs in terms of the success of their practical application. |
| Behaviorism | The philosophy or world view underlying behavior analysis. Posits that behavior is the subject matter of our science. |
| Radical Behaviorism | B.F. Skinner’s philosophy of the science of human behavior. Most influential type of behaviorism for guiding the science and practice of behavior analysis. |
| Determinants of Behavior | Causes of behavior; probabilistic |
| Selection | The process in which repeated cycles occur of variation, interaction with the environment, and differential replication as a function of the interaction |
| Natural Selection | The environment selects which variations survive and are passed on. |
| Cultural Selection | Cultural practices evolve as they contribute to the success of the practicing group. |
| Temporal contiguity | The nearness of events in time. |
| Contingency | A dependency between events. |
| Types of Contingencies | S-S contingencies (pairing) R-S contingencies S-R-S contingencies (or the 3- term contingency) |
| Basic operations | Direct observation Repeated measures Graph data Manipulation Systematic evaluation Analysis and interpretation |
| Consequential Operation (+) | Contingently present a stimulus immediately after the response. |
| Consequential Operation (-) | Contingently remove a stimulus immediately after the response. |
| Learning | A relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of experience. |
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LadyTEACH86
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