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Anatomy&Physiology
Anatomy and Physiology Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | Structural composition of the body |
| Physiology | Study of the function of the body |
| Anatomic Position | Standing erect, feet parallel, arms at sides, eyes and palms facing forward |
| Supine | Laying on back, face up |
| Prone | Laying on stomache, face down |
| Frontal (Coronal) | Divides vertically, front and back |
| Midsagittal (Medial) | Divides vertically, left and right equally |
| Sagittal | Divides vertically left and right |
| Transverse | Divides horizontally, top and bottom |
| Anterior (Ventral) | Front of body |
| Posterior (Dorsal) | Back of Body |
| External (Superficial) | On or near surface of body |
| Internal (Deep) | Within or near the center of body |
| Medial | Middle of body |
| Lateral | Side of body |
| Palmar | Palm of hand |
| Plantar | Sole of foot |
| Proximal | Nearest center of body, origin, point of attachment |
| Distal | Farthest from center of body, origin, point of attachment |
| Superior (Cranial) | Higher, above, towards the head |
| Inferior (Caudal) | Lower, beneath, away from head |
| Cranial Cavity | Brain |
| Spinal Cavity | Spine |
| Thoracic Cavity | Lungs |
| Abdominal Cavity | Stomache, Liver, Pancreas, Kidneys |
| Pelvic Cavity | Bladder, Reproductive organs |
| Pericardial Cavity | Heart |
| Homeostasis | Body in complete balance and equilibrium |
| Metabolism | Sum of all physical and chemical reactions necessary to sustain life |
| Catabolism | Large, complex molecules are broken down into simpler ones for absorption |
| Anabolism | Complex molecules are synthesized from simpler ones. |
| Cell | Smallest unit of an organism |
| Cytology | The study of cells |
| Histology | The study of tissues |
| Tissue | A mass of similar cells that work together to perform a special function |
| Organs | Composed of multiple tissues |
| Body Systems | Structures and organs that are related to one another and function together |
| Integumentary System | Skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands |
| Epidermis | Outermost, thinnest layer of skin |
| Dermis | Intermost, thickest layer of skin |
| Subcutaneous | Connective fat and tissue |
| Muscular System | Provides movement, heat |
| Skeletal System | Gives the body shape and support |
| Nervous System | Controls and coordinates the body |
| Endocrine System | Hormone production |
| Digestive System | Absorption of nutrients |
| Reproductive System | Gamete production, means to create a new human |
| Urinary System | Filters and eliminates waste products |
| Respiratory System | Exchange of gases CO2 and O2 |
| Circulatory System | Transportd oxygen and nutrients, carries away waste |
| Lymphatic System | Immune system |
| Cardiovascular System | Heart, blood and blood vessels |
| Epicardium | Outermost layer of heart |
| Myocardium | Middle layer of heart |
| Endocardium | Intermost layer of heart |
| Atria | Top right and left chambers of the heart |
| Ventricle | Bottom right and left chambers of the heart |
| Right Atrioventricular Valve | Tricuspid Valve |
| Left Atrioventricular Valve | Bicuspid/Mitral Valve |
| Right Semilunar Valve | Pulmonary Valve |
| Left Semilunar Valve | Aortic Valve |
| Systole | Contracting phase of the cardiac cycle |
| Systolic | Top numerical value of blood pressure |
| Diastole | Relaxing phase of the cardiac cycle |
| Diastolic | Bottom number of blood pressure |
| Heart Rate | Number of beats per minute (BPM) |
| Blood Pressure | Pressure or tension exerted by blood on the walls of the blood vessels |
| Normal Adult Blood Pressure | 120/80 |
| Arteries | Carries blood away from the heart |
| Ventricles | Returns blood to the heart |
| Capillaries | Bridge that connects the arterioles and venules |
| Tunica Externa (Adventia) | Outermost layer of an artery or vein |
| Tunica Median | Middle layer of an artery or vein |
| Tunica Interna (Intima) | Intermost layer of an artery or vein |
| Lumen | Hollow space where blood flows within a vein or artery |
| Antecubital Fossa | Area where the major veins are located for venipuncture |
| Median Cubital Vein | Middle vein for venipuncture |
| Cephalic Vein | Vein that runs along the thumb side of the arm |
| Basilic Vein | Vein that runs along the pinky side of the arm |
| Erythrocytes | Red Blood Cells (RBCs) |
| Leukocytes | White Blood Cells (WBCs) |
| Thrombocytes | Another word for platelets, aids in coagulation |
| Plasma | 90% water, 10% protien |
| Rh Factor | Used to determine the absence or presence of the D antigen (determines blood type) |
| Agglutination | Clumping of RBCs |
| Serum | Clear-like fluid that contains no fibrinogen |
| Buffy Coat | White substance comprised of WBCs and platelets |
| Whole Blood | Blood in its same form as in the bloodstream |
| Hemostasis | Stoppage of bleeding (Coagulation) |
| Hemorrhage | Excessive bleeding |
| Hemolysis | Breakdown or destruction of RBCs |
| Components of a CBC | RBC, WBC, Platelet, HGB, HCT |
| Cytoplasm | Fluid that fills the cell |
| Universal Blood Type Donor | O- |
| Universal Blood Type Recipient | AB+ |
| Hematoma | Another word for bruise |
| Myocardial Infarction | Another term for a heart attack |
| Nucleus | Center of a cell, powerhouse |
Created by:
Bonavita_M
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