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NAU A&P 16
NAU Lymphatic System & Immunity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Greek for clear water | Lymph |
| This system starts in tissues, travels to lymph nodes, then dumps into the blood system | Lymphatic system |
| Name the 3 functions of the Lymphatic system: | 1. Fluid balance 2. Protection from infection 3. Absorption of fats |
| Picks up excess fluid and protein behind in the tissues during fluid & nutrient exchanges between the blood and tissues | Fluid balance |
| Filters out pathogens & other cellular debris so the lymphocytes can dispose of it. | Protection from infection |
| Defense cell residents of the lymph system | Lymphocytes |
| This is too large to be absorbed into the blood through intestinal capillaries, then deposited to certain parts of the body | Absorption of fats |
| Filters of lymph once it has drained from the tissue. Generally sequestered near a joint. | Lymph Nodes |
| 7 types of lymph nodes | Cervical, Axillary, Trachebronchial, Supratrochlear, Mesenteric (Abdominal), Inguinal and Pelvic |
| Lymph node of the neck. Inflamed if has a head cold, sinus infection or any infection involving the head and neck region. | Cervical lymph node |
| Lymph node of the armpit, can be inflamed if patient has breast cancer | Axillary lymph node |
| Lymph node of the thoracic area, near the trachea. Can swell if patient has a respiratory infection. | Trachebronchial lymph node |
| Lymph node of the medial side of the elbow. Can swell due to allergies. | Supratrochlear lymph node |
| Lymph node of the abdomen. Sandwiched between the peritoneum. Can swell with abdominal or colon disorders. | Messenteric (Abdominal) lymph node |
| Lymph node of the groin region where the leg attaches to the body. In adults infections in this are are sequestered. In children since the trunk is small infection can travel here. | Inguinal lymph node |
| Lymph node of the pelvic region | Pelvic lymph node |
| 3 Major filtration in the body | Liver, Spleen and Kidneys |
| Blood Filtration | Spleen and Liver |
| Electrolyte Filtration | Kidneys |
| Is the largest of the lymphatic organs. Located in upper abdominal cavity just below diaphragm, composed of: white pulp containing many lymphocytes & red pulp containing RBC's filled with blood instead of lymph. Functions similar to other lymphoid tissue. | Spleen |
| Special functions of the spleen | Cleans blood of impurities by filtration & phagocytosis; Destroys old worn out RBC's, retrieves iron & other recyclable products and sends to liver; Produces RBC's before birth; Serves as a reservoir for blood in case of an emergency or severe anemia. |
| Located anterior to the aortic arch & behind the body of the sternum. Functions in both lymphoid capacities using T-lymphocytes & hormonal capacities which secrete thymosins which activate the maturation of the T lymphocytes. | Thymus |
| Name the innate (nonspecific) Defenses | Species resistance; Mechanical barriers; Chemical barriers; Natural Killer cells; Inflammation; Phagocytosis; Fever |
| Defense specific for a particular species | Species Resistance |
| Skin, mucous membrane, earwax, cilia as defenses | Mechanical barriers |
| Defense where gastric juice, tears containing pathogen enzymes protect body | Chemical barriers |
| Distinct types of lymphocytes that secretes perforins that lyse virus-infected cells and cancer cells | Natural Killer cells |
| A tissue response to injury that helps prevent the spread of infectious agents into nearby tissues | Inflammation |
| Neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages engulf and destroy foreign particles and cells | Phagocytosis |
| Elevated body temperature inhibits microbial growth and increases phagocytic activity. | Fever |
| Types of chemical barriers | Interferons, Defensins, Collectins, Complement |
| Hormonelike peptides that lymphocytes & fibroblasts produce in response to viruses or tumor cells. They interfere with replication | Interferons |
| Peptides produced by neutrophils & other other types of granular white blood cells, makes holes in bacterial cell walls and membranes, making the cell cripple to microbes | Defensins |
| Are proteins that provide broad protection against bacteria, yeasts and some viruses. | Collectins |
| A group of proteins in plasms and other body fluids that interact in a series of reactions or a cascade. | Complement |
| Adaptive (specific) defenses or Immunity | Antigens, Immune Responses, Allergic Reactions, Transplantation & Tissue Rejection, Autoimmunity |
| Cell markers that help identify body cells to the body itself | Antigens |
| Detectable concentrations of antibodies that appear in the body following an exposure to foreign antigens. | Immune Responses |
| Organs or other body material that is not recognized by the body as original parts and are attacked. | Transplantation & Tissue Rejection |
| When the immune system fails to distinguish itself from nonself, producing antibodies that attack & damage the body's tissues & organs. The body attacking itself to the extreme. Ex: AIDS, HIV | Autoimmunity |
| An individual's power to resist or overcome the effects of a particular disease agent or its harmful products | Immunity |
| 2 Types of Immunity | Inborn and Acquired Immunity |
| Inherited immunity against a particular disease or harmful products | Inborn Immunity |
| 2 Types of Acquired immunity | Natural and Artificial Immunity |
| Contact with the disease. Exposure to chicken pox. | Active, Natural Acquired Immunity |
| Immunity through the mother's milk or placenta | Passive, Natural Acquired Immunity |
| Vaccine containing a "dead" version of the toxin. Ex: flu, measles, rubella vaccinations | Active, Artificial Acquired Immunity |
| Immune serum, antiserum containing small amounts of the "live" toxin, so the individual may make their own defenses. Ex: snake venom | Passive, Artificial Acquired Immunity |
| Part of Lymphatic system in cervical region. Will swell in reaction to head congestion, sinusitis and ear infections. Can block air passage if swollen large enough. | Tonsils |
| Organ that contains lymphoid tissue in its walls. Located at the end of the colon. | Appendix |
Created by:
FKrouse
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