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The Skull - Cranium
Bones and Markings of the Cranium
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Frontal Bone | Forms the ant. cranium, articulates post. w/ parietal bones via coronal suture. |
| Coronal Suture | Suture formed by the articulation of the parietal and frontal bones. |
| Frontal Squama | Commonly known as the forehead, the most ant. part of the frontal bone. Ends at the supraorbital margins |
| Supraorbital Margins | The thickened superior margins of the orbits that lie under the eyebrows. |
| Anterior Cranial Fossa | Formed chiefly by the frontal and sphenoid bones, supports the frontal lobes of the brain. |
| Supraorbital Foramen (Notch) | Pierces the supraorbital margin superior to each orbit, allows passage of the supraorbital artery and nerve to the forehead. |
| Glabella | Smooth portion of the frontal bone between the two orbits. |
| Frontal Sinuses | Located within the frontal bone and located laterally to the glabella. |
| Parietal Bones | Paired bones that form most of the superior and lateral aspects of the skull, aticulates w/ the frontal (ant.) and occipital (post.)and temporal (laterally). |
| Sagittal Suture | Where the parietal bones meet superiorly at the cranial midline. |
| Lambdoid Suture | Where the parietal bones meet the occipital bone posteriorly. |
| Squamous Suture | Where the parietal and temporal bones meet on the lateral aspect of the skull. |
| Occipital Bone | Forms most of the post. skull wall and base, articulates w/ the parietal and temporal (ant.), and the sphenoid via the cranial floor. |
| Occipitomastoid Suture | Where the occipital bone meets the temporal bone. |
| Posterior Cranial Fossa | Formed by the occipital bone, supports the cerebellum of the brain. |
| Foramen Magnum | Large foramen located in the base of the occipital bone, allows connection of the inferior brain w/ the spinal cord. |
| Occipital Condyles | Flank the foramen magnum laterally, rockerlike in shape, articulate with the C1 to allow nodding of the head. |
| Hypoglossal Canal | Hidden medially and superiorly to the occipital condyles, allow passage of the hypoglossal nerve. |
| Exterior Occipital Protuberance | Just superior to the foramen magnum, felt as a knoblike projection below the most bulging part of the post. skull |
| External Occipital Crest | Marks the occipital near the foramen magnum, secures the ligamentum nuchae. |
| Ligamentum Nuchae | Elastic ligament that connects the vertebrae of the neck to the skull via the external occipital crest. |
| Superior and Inferior Nuchal Lines | Mark the occipital bone near the foramen magnum, provide anchor sites for many neck and back muscles. |
| Temporal Bones | Lie inferor to parietal, form the inferolateral aspects of the skull and parts of the cranial floor. |
| Four Regions of the Temporal Bone | Squamous, tympanic, mastoid, petrous |
| Squamous Region (Temporal Bone) | Abuts the squamous suture, contains the zygomatic process. |
| Zygomatic Process | Barlike bony process, extends from the sqamous region of temporal to meet the zygomatic bone. |
| Zygomatic Arch | Formed by the zygomatic process and the zygomatic bone, felt as the projection of the cheek. |
| Mandibular Fossa | Located on the inferior surface of the zygomatic process, receives the condyle of the mandible to form the temporomanidibular joint. |
| Tympanic Region (Temporal Bone) | Surrounds the external acoustic meatus |
| External Acoustic Meatus | Commonly known as the external ear canal, opening through which sound enters. |
| Styloid Process | Needlelike process located below the external acoustic meatus, provides attachment point for tongue and neck muscles. |
| Mastoid Region (Temporal Bone) | Located post. to the tympanic region, contains the mastoid process |
| Mastoid Process | Anchoring site for some neck muscles, can be felt as a lump just post. to ear |
| Stylomastoid Foramen | Located between the styloid and mastoid processes, allows passage of the facial nerve (cranial VII). |
| Petrous Region (Temporal Bone) | Deep part of the bone, contributes to the cranial base, looks like a mountain range between the occipital post. and the sphenoid ant. |
| Middle Cranial Fossa | Formed by the petrous temporal bone and the sphenoid bone, supports the temporal lobes of the brain. |
| Jugular Forament | Located at the junction of the occipital and petrous temporal bone, allows passage of internal jugular vein and 3 cranial nerves. |
| Carotid Canal | Located just ant. to the jugular foramen, allows passage of the internal carotid arteries into the cranial cavity. |
| Sphenoid Bone | Butterfly shaped, spans the width of the middle cranial fossa, "keystone" of the cranium that forms a central wedge that articulates w/ all other cranial bones. |
| Division of Sphenoid Bone | Divided into a central body and 3 pairs of processes, greater wings, lesser wings and pterygoid process. |
| Sella Turcica | "Turk's Saddle", saddle shaped prominence located on the superior surface of the sphenoid body. |
| Hypophyseal Process | Seat of the sella turcica saddle, forms a snug enclosure for the pituitary gland (hypophysis). |
| Tuberculum Sellae | Abuts the hypophyseal fossa anteriorly. |
| Dorsum Sellae | Abuts the hypophyseal fossa posteriorly. |
| Greater Wings of the Sphenoid | Project laterally, form parts of the middle cranial fossa, dorsal walls of the orbits, and external wall of the skull. |
| Lesser Wings of the Sphenoid | Hornlike, form part of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa and medial walls of the orbits. |
| Anterior Clinoid Processes | Termination of the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone, provide anchoring site for securing the brain within the skull. |
| Pterygoid Process | Trough-shaped, project inferiorly from the junction of the sphenoid body and greater wings, anchors pterygoid muscles important in chewing. |
| Optic Canal | Connected by the chiasmatic groove, lie ant. to the sella turcica, allow passage of the optic nerve. |
| Superior Orbital Fissure | Long slit between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid, allows passage of cranial nerves III, IV, VI that control eye movement. |
| Foramen Rotundum | Located in the medial part of the sphenoid greater wing, provides passage of the maxillary branch of cranial nerve V. |
| Foramen Ovale | Located post. to the foramen rotundum on the sphenoid greater wing, allows passage of the mandibular branch of cranial nerve V. |
| Foramen Spinosum | Located post. and laterally to the foramen ovale on the sphenoid greater wing, provides passage of the middle meningeal artery. |
| Ethmoid Bone | Located between the sphenoid and nasal bones, most deeply situated bone of the skull, forms most of the bony area between nasal cavity and orbits. |
| Cribriform Plates | Forms the superior surface of the ethmoid bone, help form roof of nasal cavity, punctured by olfactory foramina that allow passage of olfactory nerves. |
| Crista Galli | "Rooster's comb" projects superiorly between cribiform plates of the ethmoid, dura mater attaches and helps secure the brain to the cranial cavity. |
| Perpendicular Plate | Inferior projection of the ethmoid bone, forms superior part of the nasal septum. |
Created by:
nursingstudent1999
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