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Science #5
Grades 5 to 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Percentage of the earth covered by water | 75% |
| Fraction of the earth covered by water | 3/4 |
| Seas are usually parts of ____________. | oceans |
| Average ocean depth | 2 miles (10,560 feet) |
| Ocean trenches can be as deep as ______ miles. | 6 |
| Oceans and seas contain _____% of the world's water, including water vapor, underground water, and ice caps & glaciers. | 97 |
| A ________ is a large body of water partly surrounded by land. | gulf |
| A ________ is a smaller body of water partly surrounded by land and is supposed to be smaller than a gulf. | bay |
| Shallow, rocky "shelf" that slopes down from the shoreline before dropping off at a continent's edge | continental shelf |
| Just off the continental shelf, the shelf drops off deeply into trenches or flat, sandy expanses called _______________ __________. | abyssal plains |
| Deepest part of the Pacific Ocean | Mariana Trench (35,800 feet) |
| Sunlit uppermost layer of the ocean's water | photic |
| Twilight middle layer of the ocean's water | bathyl |
| Midnight bottom layer of the ocean's water | abyssal |
| _________ ocean currents are flowing streams of water that run through the oceans caused by winds blowing on the water's surface. | Surface |
| _________ ocean currents are flowing streams of water that run deep within the oceans caused by movement of dense, icy polar water toward the tropics and along ocean bottom | Deep-water |
| _________ are swells and depressions of water moving on the surface of oceans, seas, lakes, and other bodies of water | Waves |
| What is the main cause of ocean waves? | wind flowing across the water |
| The amount of time that the wind blows, the wind's strength, or the amount of open water the wind blows over determines the | size of the wave |
| Caused by pull of the moon's gravity on earth | tides |
| Tides rise and fall _____ every lunar day. | twice |
| Another name for low tide | ebb |
| Another name for high tide | flood |
| Occurs 2x a month during the new and full moon | high spring tide |
| Occurs during quarter moons | neap tide |
| Largest lake in North America | Lake Superior |
| Great Salt Lake in Utah is _____ the size that it once was. | 1/3 |
| Water collects in craters left by volcanoes | crater lake |
| Ice from glaciers covers depressions (low areas) in the landscape. The melts and forms a lake. | glacial lake |
| Shifts in tectonic plats on earth's surface form depressions that fill with water. | rift valley lake |
| People dig depressions and fill them with water often diverted from rivers and lakes. | artificial lake |
| Bodies of water that begin at a source and flow between banks of earth to a mouth where they empty into a larger body of water. | rivers |
| What are the three parts, or courses, of a river? | upper, middle, and estuary |
| Where two rivers meet | confluence |
| Rivers or streams that flow into larger rivers or streams | tributary |
| The Missouri River is a tributary of the ______________ River. | Mississippi |
| The confluence of the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers is close to ______________. | St. Charles, Missouri |
| The longest river in North America | Mackenzie River in Canada |
| The longest river in South America | Amazon River |
| The longest river in Eurasia | Yangtze (Chang) in China |
| The longest river in Africa | Nile River |
| What direction does the Nile River flow? | north |
| The bigger the wheel, the _________ you go. | faster |
| The smaller the wheel, the ________ you go. | slower |
| Fill high mountain valleys moving a few inches to a few feet per day | valley glaciers |
| Form on ice caps in freezing polar regions and slide into the ocean waters when warmer temperatures occur | continental glaciers |
| Huge blocks of ice floating in the ocean water | icebergs |
| Rocks and dirt carried by glaciers and left when the glacier retreats | moraines |
| What percentage of our atmosphere is made up of nitrogen? | 78 |
| What percentage of our atmosphere is made up of oxygen? | 21 |
| Part of earth's atmosphere that is the border between Earth and space at about 310 miles and where satellites revolve | exosphere |
| Part of atmosphere that is about 150 miles more above Earth's surface composed of electrically charged particles | thermosphere |
| Electrically charged particles in the atmospheric layer of the thermosphere that bounce radio waves back to earth's surface | ions |
| Part of atmosphere that is about 50 miles above Earth's surface and the temperature is under -100*F | mesophere |
| Part of atmosphere that is about 30 miles above Earth's surface where icy winds blow through the lower part speeding supersonic jets on their destination | stratosphere |
| What layer is within the stratosphere that absorbs harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun? | ozone |
| Part of atmosphere that is 12 miles thick at the equator and 5 miles thick at the poles; more than 1/2 of the atmospheric gases are within the 4 miles closest to Earth's surface | troposphere |
| Weight of the air pressing down on the earth's surface | atmospheric pressure (air pressure) |
| The air exerts about ___ pounds of pressure on every square inch of your body. | 15 |
| Atmospheric pressure usually ________ as the amount of moisture in the air increases. | decreases |
| Atmospheric pressure usually decreases with ____________. | altitude |
| Usual weather in an area over a long period of time | climate |
| Physical landforms | topography |
| People in the mountains will have ________ temperatures than those people living at sea level. | cooler |
| What type of climate does Missouri have? | temperate forest/cool grassland |
| Huge body of air spread over hundreds of miles in which the temperature & humidity are nearly the same throughout | air mass |
| Measure of hotness and coldness in the air | temperature |
| Temperature at which water vapor changes to liquid water | dew point |
| Cloud in the air near the ground | fog |
| Boundary between two air masses | front |
| Amount of moisture, or water vapor, in the air | humidity |
| Any moisture that falls from the sky | precipitation |
| Movement of air across the atmosphere | wind |
| Why are the tropics warm and the poles frigid? | The angle of the earth allows the tropics to face the sun more directly. |
| When it's summer in the United States, it is ________ in Brazil. | winter |
| Cold air moves under a warm air mass; clouds and possible thunderstorms occur | cold front |
| Warm air slides over a cold air mass; precipitation generally occurs | warm front |
| Warm and cold air masses meet; but neither goes over or below the other; clouds occur | stationary front |
| When a cold front catches up to warm front and the warm air mass is forced up; clouds and precipitation occur | occluded front |
| Wind speed, or velocity, is measured by the ____________ Scale. | Beaumont |
| Warm dry winds that flow down the side of the Rocky and and Cascade Mountains in the western United States | chinook |
| Cool, very dry winds form over the Sahara Desert in Northern Africa and blow W to SW from Dec. to Feb. | harmattan |
| Rainy winds that control the climate of Asia are the result of different speeds of heating & cooling of land & water | monsoon |
| Italian name for winds that blow north from the Sahara and pick up moisture over the Mediterranean Sea | sirocco |
| Warm dry winds that flow down the side of the Alps in Europe | foehns |
| More than ___ times the more water is in water vapor than in the rivers. | 10 |
| What is the water cycle? | evaporation, condensation, precipitation |
| Wispy clouds high in the atmosphere | cirrus |
| Big, puffy clouds | cumulus |
| Layers of clouds | stratus |
| Water vapor that condenses on surfaces when the temperature cools enough to change water vapor into liquid water | dew |
| Light rain of tiny water droplets; easier to feel than to see | drizzle |
| Rain that freezes when it lands, often coating buildings, trees, roads, and cars with a layer of ice | freezing rain |
| Ice balls that fall during some thunderstorms | hail |
| Raindrops that freeze into ice pellets before they hit the ground | sleet |
| When the temperature cools enough to change water vapor into liquid water | dew point |
| Warm, low-pressure weather systems surrounded by cooler air | cyclones |
| Cyclones exceeding 75 mph and originate in the Caribbean Sea | hurricanes |
| Hurricanes in the Pacific Ocean west of the International Date Line | typhoon |
| Cyclone on land | tornado |
Created by:
marybahner
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