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PN 110 digestion
digestion
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| lymph vessels that absorb fat in the small intestine | lacteal |
| the three sections of the small intestine | duodenum jejunum ileum |
| what happens in the mouth that aids digestion | mechanical digestion-chewing chemical digestion-enzymes |
| the tube that carries a bolus to the stomach | esophagus |
| the name for chewed food and saliva as it is chewed/swallowed | bolus |
| watery mixture of food and digestive juices | chyme |
| top, rounded part of the stomach | fundus |
| sphincter at the top of the stomach | lower esophageal sphincter |
| sphincter at the bottom of the stomach | pyloric sphincter |
| the opening from the stomach to the small intestine | pylorus |
| folds of the stomach | rugae |
| having to do with stomach | gastric |
| having to do with liver | hepatic |
| collects/stores bile | gall bladder |
| helps emulsify fats | bile |
| organs which produce and secrete digestive enzymes into the small intestine | pancreas liver |
| this organ is like a cement mixer and has a very low pH | stomach |
| nutrients are absorbed here | small intestine |
| functions to reabsorb water | large intestine (colon) |
| three sections of the large intestine (colon) | ascending transverse descending |
| muscular portion of the large intestine near the end | rectum |
| finger-like folds in the small intestine used to absorb nutrients | villi |
| wavelike contractions that help move things along the digestive tract | peristalsis |
| things that decrease infection from harmful germs that we injest | saliva hydrochloric acid in stomach |
| this helps us absorb vitamin B12 | intrinsic factor |
| this is secreted by the stomach, and causes an increase in stomach acid | gastrin |
| these cells secret protective mucus | goblet cells |
| widened area where the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct meet | Ampulla of Vater |
| the duct from the gall bladder | cystic duct |
| formed when the hepatic duct and cystic duct join | common bile duct |
| muscular sphincter that controls the flow of digestive juices into the small intestine (from the liver and pancreas) | sphincter of Oddi |
| covers teeth, and is one of the hardest substances in the body | enamel |
| number of lobes in the liver | four |
| right and left lobes are separated by the _________________ ligament | falciform |
| valve that joins the small intestine to the large intestine | ileocecal valve |
| as we age, peristalsis tends to | slow down |
| enzyme in saliva that breaks down starch | amylase |
| tubular organ attached to the lower end of the cecum: serves as a source for immune cells | appendix |
| enzyme that digests fat | lipase |
| saliva glands | parotid submandibular sublingual |
| teeth that we lose ("baby teeth") | deciduous teeth |
| cells in the stomach which secrete digestive enzymes | chief cells |
| which side of the body do we find our liver | right side |
| stomach acid neutralized in this part of the small intestine | duodenum |
| waste products in the large intestine | feces |
| section of small intestine where most digestion occurs | duodenum |
| section of small intestine where most absorption of nutrients occurs | jejunum |
| section of small intestine where vitamin B12 absorbed | ileum fun fact: intrinsic factor (from stomach) must be present for B12 to be absorbed by the ileum |
| this contracts to protect the nasal cavity during a swallow | soft palate |
| three sets of salivary glands | parotid, sublingual, submandibular |
| layer of muscles in the GI tract these help with peristalsis | muscularis |
| innermost layer of the GI tract | mucosa |
| layer of GI tract which contains nerves, blood vessels, and lymph vessels | submucosa |
| protease that is secreted by the stomach | pepsin |
| This acid assists with food breakdown. It also kills some germs that enter the stomach. | hydrochloric |
| this monosaccharide is used extensively by the body (the brain relies on this for its main source of energy) | glucose |
| type of enzyme that breaks down protein | protease |
| type of enzyme that breaks down fats | lipase |
| type of enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates | amylase |
| these two organs provide chemicals or enzymes that help with digestion in the small intestine | pancreas (pancreatic enzymes) liver (produces bile) |
| outermost layer of the GI tract | serosa (visceral peritoneum) |
| lining of the abdominal cavity | peritoneum |
| difficult swallowing | dysphagia |
| a fold of tissue that anchor organs to the body wall | mesentery |
| section of visceral peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach. Known as the "fatty apron." | greater omentum |
| part of GI tract with low pH (acid) | stomach |
| part of GI tract with alkaline pH | small intestine |
| inflammation of the pancreas | pancreatitis |
| related to the liver | hepatic |
| related to the stomach | gastric |
| name of the protease in stomach | pepsin |
Created by:
ballantynec
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