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A&P2 Chapter 28-29
The Reproductive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which embryonic germ layer forms the linings of the respiratory and digestive tracts? | endoderm |
| If fertilization occurs, the ______ is maintained because the embryo secretes ______. | corpus, luteum; human chorionic gonadotrophin |
| The hormone that promotes a small number of primary follicles within the ovary to grow and mature each month is? | follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) |
| The innermost mucosa layer of the uterus is called the? | endometrium |
| The gene for normal skin pigment (A) can also code for the recessive trait of albinism (a). An albino man and a homozygous normal pigment woman marry and have four children. What is the phenotype of the children? | heterozygous |
| How many chromosomes do human somatic cells contain? | 46 |
| The period of gestation that is characterized by rapid fetal growth and fat deposition is the _______ trimester. | third |
| The hormone produced by the corpus luteum that helps maintain pregnancy is called _______. | progesterone |
| The gonads produce sex cells, also known as? | gametes |
| The ducts or tubes responsible for receiving the ovulated oocyte and providing the site for fertilization are the? | uterine (fallopian) tubes |
| The early stage of embryonic development during which rapid mitotic cell divisions occur as the zygote travels down the uterine (fallopian) tube is called? | cleavage |
| Chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes are called what? | autosomes |
| Differentiation among blastomeres is the result of? | an unequal distribution of regulatory molecules in the cytoplasm of the ovum |
| The inner cell mass of the blastocyte will? | form the embryo |
| Thick, clear mucus that cleanses the urethra of acidic urine is produced by the? | bulbourethral glands (Cowper's) |
| A __________ allele will always be expressed regardless of what the other allele happens to be. | dominant |
| The male external genitalia include the _______ and the ________. | scrotum; penis |
| The _________ gland surrounds the upper portion of the urethra just below the junction with the urinary bladder. | prostate |
| What is the process whereby gametes from each parent fuse to produce a new cell? | fertilization |
| Which layer of the uterus serves as the site of implantation? | endometrium |
| The extraembryonic membrane that forms blood is the? | yolk sac |
| A mother has a lot of milk stored in the breast and mammary glands but cannot seem to expel the milk for her newborn. Her doctor thinks that the cause may be? | low levels of oxytocin |
| A mature ovarian follicle that is ready to be ejected from an ovary is called a? | vesicular (Graafian) follicle |
| The first menstrual period, which usually occurs at approximately age 13, is called? | menarche |
| If a color-blind (X-linked recessive trait) man marries a woman who is heterozygous for the trait, what proportion of their male offspring can be expected to be color blind? | 25% |
| The process by which a mature egg is ejected from the ovary is called? | ovulation |
| The glands that produce a thick, yellowish secretion which nourishes and activates sperm are the? | seminal glands (vesicles) |
| The process of creating female gametes is called? | oogenesis |
| The mesoderm and the trophoblast combine to form the? | chorion |
| Spermatogenesis is directly stimulated by? | both FSH and testosterone |
| What are the X and Y chromosomes known as? | autosomes |
| What is the function of the amniotic fluid? | allows fetus to move freely, maintains intrauterine temp, and protects fetus from injury |
| Which of the following is a critical even of the first trimester? | cleavage, implantation, placentation and embryogenesis |
| What is the function of the scrotum? | maintain the testes at 1-3c cooler than body temp |
| The hormone testosterone is produced by the _______ cells of the testes. | interstitial |
| Sperm are formed in tightly coiled tubes called seminiferous tubules that are found within each ________. | testes |
| Days 6-14 of the uterine (menstrual) cycle are known as the ___________ phase. This phase concludes with ovulation. | proliferative |
| In _________, implantation occurs somewhere other than in the uterus. | ectopic pregnancy |
| The solid ball of cells that has been likened to a mulberry is called a? | morula |
| The helmet-like region of the sperm that is similar to a large lysosome and assists penetration of the egg is called the? | acrosome |
| The stage of labor that involves the delivery of the infant is the? | expulsion stage |
| Arrange the four structures listed below into the order in which sperm pass from the testis to the urethral meatus. (1) ductus deferens (2) urethra (3) ejaculatory duct (4) epididymis | epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra |
| The infant is delivered during the second stage of labor known as the __________ stage. | expulsion |
| The follicle-cell capsule surrounding an ovulated secondary oocyte is called the? | corona radiata |
| What is the role of the follicle-stimulating hormone? | stimulates the development of a primary follicle (oocytes) |
| The narrow outlet of the uterus that protrudes into the vagina is the? | cervix |
| The hormone that causes pelvic ligaments and the pubis symphysis to relax, widen, and become more flexible during pregnancy is called the? | relaxin |
| By day 12 of embryotic development, mesoderm begins to form through? | gastrulation |
| The series of events that expel the infant from the uterus are referred to collectively as? | labor |
| What is the order for the stages of sperm development? | mitosis, first meiosis, second meiosis, spermiogenesis |
| Male sex chromosomes are represented as? | XY |
| The hormone called the hormone of pregnancy, inhibiting uterine contractions, is? | progesterone |
| The process that streamlines spermatids into sperm is known as? | spermiogenesis |
| Which of the following cells could be fertilized? | secondary oocyte |
| Which of the following is NOT a part of a male's testis? | ejaculatory duct |
| A ______ allele is expressed only when homozygous. | recessive |
| Trace the pathway of sperm through the duct system during ejaculation. | Remember SEVEN UP! S-Seminiferous tubules E-Epididymis V-Vas deferens E-Ejaculatory duct N-NOTHING (just to help remember SEVEN UP) U-Urethra P-Penis |
| The distal portion of the male urethra that runs the length of the penis is the? | spongy urethra |
| A fertilized egg, which represents the first cell of a new individual, is called a? | zygote |
| The period of life between 10 and 15 years of age is known as ______. It is during this time that the reproductive organs grow to their adult size and become functional under the influence of hormones. | puberty |
| Burrowing of the fertilized egg into the endometrium lining of the uterus is called? | implantation |
| Menopause, which ends childbirth ability, is considered to have occurred when a woman? | has gone a year without menstruation |
| Ovulation occurs in response to the release of an anterior pituitary hormone known as ________ hormone. | luteinizing hormone (LH) |
| Failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum is a condition known as? | cryptorchidism |
| The female reproductive organs, known as ______, produce both eggs (ova) and hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. | ovaries |
| *SHORT ANSWER* What is the developmental fate of the inner mass of the blastocyst? | eventually develops into the embryo |
| *SHORT ANSWER* Describe the key features of each trimester. | 1st Trimester: baby's body structure and organ systems develop 2nd Trimester: baby's heartbeat can be heard 3rd Trimester: body organs have developed to function on their own and baby can move freely |
| The reproductive system includes? | gonads and external genitalia, accessory glands and organs that secrete fluid, and ducts that receive/transport the gametes |
| The organ that monitors and adjusts the composition of tubular fluid, recycles damaged spermatozoa and is the site of sperm maturation is the? | epididymis |
| The nurse cells of the seminiferous tubules do all of the following EXCEPT? | secrete testosterone |
| Sperm production occurs in the? | seminiferous tubules |
| The role of FSH in males is to? | initiate sperm production in testes |
| The male reproductive system is MOST closely associated with which of the following systems? | urinary |
| Primary spermatocyte matures into _____ spermatids having ____ chromosomes. | four; 23 |
| Where in the male reproductive system would you expect to find the MOST mature spermatozoa? | in the ductus deferens and ejaculatory duct |
| If the prostate stopped secreting fluid, this would result in semen? | with a higher than normal pH |
| A vasectomy would interfere with a man's ability to? | deliver spermatozoa to the ejaculatory duct |
| Contraction of the dartos muscle? | tightens the scrotal sac |
| The gradual modification of anatomical structures during the period from conception to maturity is? | development |
| Proeolytic enzymes that digest a path through the zona pellucida include? | hyaluronidase and acrosin |
| Contact of a sperm with the oocyte membrane causes? | oocyte activation, completion of the second meiosis, and membrane fusion |
| Sperm cannot fertilize an oocyte until they? | undergo capacitation |
| During amphimixis? | the male and female pronuclei fuse |
| During early development, the Y chromosome produces a substance called "testis determining factor" (TFD) that causes the indifferent gonad to become a testis. This would be an example of? | induction |
| Shortly after gastrulation, the body and organs of the embryo begin to form. This process is called? | embryogenesis |
| Initially, the nutrients absorbed by the trophoblast easily reach the inner cell mass by simple? | diffusion |
| During gestation, contraction of the myometrium is inhibited by _____, produced by the corpus luteum. | progesterone |
| As a person ages, | peristalsis and muscle tone decrease and some hormone levels decrease |
| If a color blind (X-linked recessive trait) man marries a woman who is heterozygous for the trait, what proportion of their male offspring can be expected to be color blind? | 1/2 |
| A woman who is heterozygous for blood type A mates with a man who is homozygous for blood type O. What blood type(s) would their children have? | 50% type A, 50% type O |
| The traits of an individual controlled by his or her genotype are his or her? | phenotype |
Created by:
jnipper
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