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Foreign and Defense
Foreign and Defense Policy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Foreign Policy | Policy that in volves choice taking about relations with the rest of the world. The president is the chief initiator of US foreign policy |
| United Nations | Created in 1945 and currently including 192 membernations, with a central peacekeeping mission and programws in areas including economic development and health, education, and welfare. The seat of real power in the UN is the Security Council. |
| North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) | A regional organization that was created in 1949 by nations including the US, Canada, and most Western European nations for mutual defense and has subsequently been expanded. |
| European Union | A transnational government composed of most European nations that coordinates monetary, trade, immigration, and labor policies makingits member one ecoonomic unit. |
| Commander in Chief | The person or body that exercises supreme operational command and control of a nation's military forces or significant elements of those forces. |
| War Powers Act | Unsuccessful act stating when deploying troops pesidents must notify Congress within 48 hours and can leave troops there for 60 days; if by end of 60 cong has not declared war, troops must come home |
| Department of State | Department of the government responsible for carrying out foreign affairs keeper of great seal; issue passports and visas |
| Secretary of Defense | The head of the Department of Defense and the president's key adviser on military policy and, as such, a key foreign policy actor. |
| Joint Chiefs of Staff | A group that consists fo the commanding officers of eachof the armed services, a chairperson, and a vice chairperson, and advises the president on military policy |
| Central Intelligence Agency | An agency created after World War II to coordinate American intelligence activities abroad and to collect, analyze, and evaluate intelligence. |
| National Security Agency (NSA) | Intelligence organization of the United States federal government responsible for global monitoring, collection, and processing of information and data for foreign intelligence and counterintelligence purposes, a discipline known as signals intelligence. |
| National Security Council | A committee in the executive branch that advises the president on matters relating to domestic, military, and foreign security. Also directs the operation of the CIA |
| Congress' "Power of the Purse" | The influence that legislatures have over public policy because of their power to vote money for public purposes. The United States Congress must authorize the president's budget requests to fund agencies and programs of the executive branch. |
| Senate Foreign Relations Committee | A standing committee of the United States Senate charged with leading foreign-policy legislation and debate in the Senate. |
| House Committee on Foreign Affairs | A standing committee of the United States House of Representatives, which has jurisdiction over bills and investigations related to the foreign affairs of the United States. |
| Isolationism | The foreign policy course the US followed throughout most of its history whereby it tried to stay out of other nations' conflicts, particularly European Wars. |
| Cold War | The hostility between the US and the Soviet Union, which often brought them to the brink of war and which spanned the period from the end of WW II ntil the xollapse of the Soviet Union and Eastern European communist regimes in 1939 and the years following |
| Containment | Basis of US foreign policy after WWII designed to stop the spread of communism. |
| Arms Race | A tense relationship beginning in the 1950's betweent he Soviet Union and the US whereby one side's weaponry became the other side's goad to procure more weaponry, and so on. |
| Mutual Assired Destruction (MAD) | Military deterrence strategy in which each side possesses enough nuclear weapons to destroy the other side, causing neither side to attack because of the threat of nuclear annihilation. |
| Vietnam War | A conflict, starting in 1954 and ending in 1975, between South Vietnam (later aided by the U.S., South Korea, Australia, the Philippines, Thailand, and New Zealand) and the Vietcong and North Vietnam |
| Dentente | A policy, beginning in the early 1970's that sought a relaxation of tensions between the US and the Soviet Union, coupled with firm guarantees of mutual security. |
| Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) or "Star Wars" | A program first initiated on March 23, 1983 under President Ronald Reagan. The intent of this program was to develop a sophisticated anti-ballistic missile system in order to prevent missile attacks from other countries, specifically the Soviet Union. |
| War on Terror | A war started after 9/11 to end the terrorists groups that attacked the U.S. and later overthrew Suddam Hussein's rule in Iraq. The terrorists didn't want western influence, so they found in their religious mission to kill Americans. |
| Axis of Evil | A term used by President George W. Bush to describe countries which he thought were involved with terrorism and weapons of mass destruction (Iraq, Afghanistan, North Korea). |
| Afghanistan | |
| Iraq | |
| Nuclear Proliferation |
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