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urinary system
test 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| primary function | maintains homeostasis by regulating concentrations of both water and solutes in the blood |
| urinary system disposes what? | metabolic wastes, excess water, excess ions, toxins |
| urinary systems retains what? | proper amount of water, proper concentrations of ions, nutrients, anythings else needed in the blood |
| secondary function | regulates blood pressure within normal range |
| organs of the urinary system | inferior vena cava, kidney, aorta, ureter, uterus, bladder, urethra |
| size of kidney | mass- 150g; size- 12 cm x 6 cm x 3 cm |
| location of kidney | located high in the abdominal cavity; posterior to the peritoneum |
| 4 parts of the kidney | capsule, cortex, medulla, pelvis |
| capsule | external covering of dense irregular connective tissue |
| cortex | outer solid region; consists primarily of convoluted tubules which twist many directions |
| medulla | inner solid region; 8-12 cone shaped masses called renal pyramids, separated by renal columns; consists primarily of loops of henle and collecting ducts all oriented in the same direction |
| pelvis | hollow medial region, extensions = calyces; connects medially with ureter |
| flow of blood in kidney | renal artery->lobar artery->interlobar artery->arcuate artery->interlobular artery-> |
| interlobar arteries | in the cortex; send blood through afferent arterioles into groups of capillaries called glomeruli; this is where filtration occurs to begin the formation of urine |
| glomerulus | consists of a group of interconnected capillaries; blood flows through these capillaries, plasma is filtered out, flows through a series of tubes to form urine |
| functions of a nephron | 1) glomerular filtration 2) tubular reabsorption 3) tubular secretion 4) concentration |
| glomerular filtration | creates a plasmalike filtrate of the blood |
| tubular reabsorption | removes useful solutes from the filtrate, returns them to the blood |
| tubular secretion | removes additional wastes from the blood, adds them to the filtrate |
| concentration | removes water from the urine, concentrates wastes |
| hydrostatic pressure | weight of water or blood pressure |
| osmotic pressure | caused by different concentrations of solutes on different sides of a membrane; can cause movement of both solutes and water; solutes diffuse from high concentration to low; water moves from a high concentration of solutes to low |
| filtration | holes of capillary (fenestra) stop anything large than 75 nm but let smaller molecules through; holes in basement membrane stop anything larger than 7nm; spaces between podocytes (filtration slits) stop anything larger than 30 nm |
Created by:
shill14
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