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Bisaya Grammar 1
Grammar Rules and Patterns
| Grammar Rule/Pattern | Definition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Anaa or Naa + 'y + noun Pattern : I, II, III | there is, have there was, had | I have a pencil. Naa ako'y lapis. There is a pencil. Naa'y lapis. |
| Aduna or Duna + 'y + noun Pattern : I, II, III | there is, have there was, had | He has a pencil. Duna ka'y lapis. There is a pencil. Duna'y lapis. |
| Kinsa + 3rd Class (plural) + ang... | Which of you (plural) Who among you (plural) | Which of them has the pencil? Kinsa sa ila ang naa'y lapis |
| Riding Verbs: Mag+vehicle+pronoun/noun+paingon... | We will ride a bus going to Cagayan. Magbus kami paingon sa Cagayan. | |
| Locative Words: Nia | Here | Your parents are here. Nia ang imong mga ginikanan. |
| Locative Words: Naa | There (near) | They are in the States. Tua sila sa Esteyts. |
| Locative Words: Tua | There (far) | Your keys are on the table. Naa sa lamesa ang imong mga yabi. |
| If there are 2 verbs in a sentence: 1st Verb = Main Verb 2nd Verb = Gerund (needs pag prefix) | ||
| Bag-o lang always takes the past form of the verb | "just" recently completed action | They just arrived. Bag-o lang sila niabot. |
| Naa + 3rd class + 1st Class | There is presence, existence or location of a specific object. | The pencil is with her. Naa sa iya ang lapis. |
| Ka-number linker Links the number to the item | 5 pencils Lima ka mga lapis | |
| Kanus-a Anus-a | When | When is the party? Kanus-a ang parti? |
| Kaayo | Very, so, extremely | This is very delicious. Lami kini kaayo. |
| Nga linker or ligature following consonant - nga following vowels - ng following n - g | Beautiful girl - Gwapa nga babae Gwapang babae | |
| Pagka +Adj +2nd Class | Adjective Intensifier "How" | How beautiful she is! Pagkagwapa niya |
| Ka +Adj +2nd Class | Adjective Intensifier "How" | How hard the lesson is! Kalisud sa leksyon! |
| Adj +a + 2nd Class | Adjective Intensifier "How" | How short that child is! Mubo a nianang bata! |
| Unsa + 'y + LANGUAGE + sa + word | Use to elicit words or phrases in a Language | What is 'pencil' in Cebuano? Unsa'y Sibuhano sa pencil? |
| Unsa + sa + LANGUAGE + ang + word | Use to elicit words or phrases in a Language | What is 'pencil' is Cebuano? Unsa sa Sibuhano ang pencil? |
| Object Focus: II, I, III Gi- , -on , -a | I bought the pencil for her. Gipalit nako ang lapis para sa iya. | |
| Hain full word | which/where | Which is your house? Hain ang imong balay? |
| Morag + full word + particles + pronoun/noun... | Seems like / looks like | She seems right. Morag saktu siya. |
| Tagpila + ang + noun | How much is each | How much each are the pencils? Tagpila ang lapis? |
| Actor Focus: ni/nag + verb + I + actor + II + obj + III + bdl mo/mag + verb + I + actor + II + obj + III + bdl r/pag + verb + I + actor + II + obj + III + bdl | Actor focus refers to the relationship that exists between the verb and the topic of the sentence. | We will buy bread for her at the bakery. Mopalit ko og pan para sa iya sa bakery. |
| Wala + future (mo/mag) Wala + past (ni/nag | To negate past/present | She didn't come to the party. Wala siya nianhi sa parti. |
| Dili + future (mo/mag) | To negate future | The teacher will not teach today. Dili motudlo ang maestra karong adlawa. |
| Gusto: I, II ; II, II ; II, I Person - I, III ; II, I | Want like | She loves chocolate. Gusto siya og tsokolet. He likes her. Gusto niya siya. |
| Pila + 1st class + object | How much | How much is the apple? Pila ang mansanas? |
| Pila + ka +object | How many | How many apples? Pila ka mansanas? |
| Ngano, Ngano man, Nganong (NOT FULL WORD!) | Why? | Why will they borrow our car? Nganong hulamon nila ang atong awto? |
| Comparison: Mas + Adj + 1st Class + Kay (sa) + 3rd Class | She is taller than her. Mas taas siya kay sa iya. | |
| Negate Comparison: Dili +(kini) + mas+ adj + kay (sa) + 3rd Class | She is not taller than her. Dili siya mass taas kay sa iya. | |
| Kang Kinsa | Whose, to whom, for whom | Whose is this? Kang kinsa kini? |
| Kang Kinsa w/ Verb | Who will they buy it from? Kang kinsa sila mopalit niana? | |
| Ig-unsa + 2nd class + 1st class | How is (2nd class) related to (1st class)? What is (1st class) to (2nd class)? | How is he related to them? Ig-unsa nila siya? |
| Asa | Where | Where is she? Asa siya? |
| Asa + verb | Where will they buy? Asa sila mopalit? | |
| Kinsa | Who | Who are you? Kinsa ka? |
| Kinsa + verb | Who taught the children? Kinsa ang nagtudlo sa mga bata? | |
| Unsa+ng+time+a Unsang orasa/ tuiga/ bulana | What time/ year/month | What time will we go to school? Unsang orasa kita moadto sa eskwelahan? |
| Kumusta +pronoun/noun | How - asking for the state or condition of something or someone | How is she? Kumusta siya? |
| Emphasis w/ verbs Pronoun/noun + ang + verb.... | I will be the one to buy bread. Ako ang mopalit og pan. | |
| Adverb + nga + future form of verb (Kanunay, Permi, Sigi, Pwede, Gusto, Kinahanglang, Usahay, Panagsa, Makamao, Mahimo) | ||
| Equational Sentence Adj + noun | We always begin the sentence with the descriptive word. Then the noun or pronoun follows. | He is tall. Taas siya. |
| Negator with equational sentence. Dili + pronoun/noun + adjective | He is not tall. Dili siya taas. | |
| Wala + 'y + noun | Don't have/ doesn't have | I don't have a pencil. Wala ako'y lapis. |
Created by:
jrathbun
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