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AHTG 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sovereignty | Power to give the last word -- ultimate political power |
| European enlightenment | Philosophical movement that proposed individual self-interest, rather than Greek virtue of Christian humility, as the motivating factor in human behavior |
| Auxiliary precautions | Structure in the government to make it more difficult for power to become concentrated in any one group'd hands. A backup system to virtue. Madison talks about this in Federalist 51 |
| Bicameral Legislature | A legislature in which there are two separate divisions or houses |
| Hume's filter/indirect election | When the people select the most virtuous representatives, who in turn select even more virtuous government officials -- When government officials are elected by previously chosen representatives, and not directly by the people |
| Counterpoise | A force, influence, or weight that counterbalances another, e.g., the roles of prosecutor and defense attorney in a trial |
| Republic | Citizens of the political state govern themselves rather than submit to a monarch, despot, or oligarchy |
| Constitutional Mechanisms | Parts of the constitution that help organize and control power |
| Constitutional drift | When power in the government does not remain where it was originally placed (stealing power for example) |
| Proportional representation | Party representation in the legislative body is closely tied to the national or regional vote of that party |
| Separation of powers | Dividing powers of government between the three branches |
| Republican problem | The question of how the benefits of self-government can be enjoyed without having to deal with its problems |
| Constitutional structure | The nature and arrangement of mechanisms in a constitution that organize the governemnt |
| Confederation | Defensive alliance among sovereign equals -- cooperation among sovereign entities |
| Federalism | Dividing powers between the national and state governments |
| Checks and balances | Bridging the separation of powers between branches of government by placing part of each power within two separate branches |
| John Adams | Founding father and proponent of a bicameral legislature. Served as the second president of the United States |
| Roger Sherman | Connecticut delegate to the constitutional convention. Proposed the Great Compromise of one house having proportional representation while the other had equal representation |
| William Paterson | New Jersey representative, presented the New Jersey Plan, which gave equal representation to states regardless of size or population |
| Benjamin Franklin | Leading printer, scientist, inventor, and diplomat. Helped secure France as an ally during the revolutionary war |
| James Madison | Called "the father of the constitution". Co-authored the Federalist, helped create the Democratic-Republican party |
| Gouverneur Morris | Pennsylvania representative at the constitutional convention. Credited with authoring large sections of the constitution, including the preamble |
| George Mason | Virginia representative at the constitutional convention. Refused to sign the Constitution because it did not contain a declaration of rights |
| James Wilson | A primary framer of the constitution Proposed the 3/5 compromise for slave representation, and election of the President by the people. Key to Pennsylvania's ratification of the constitution |
| Charles Pinckney | South Carolina representative. Strong promoter of Federalism, helped persuade ratification of the constitution. |
| George Washington | Known as the "father of His Country". Led the continental army to victory, presided over the constitutional convention. |
Created by:
sara_hillyer
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