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Fun Fifty
Learning Gov Last Minute
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Federalist 51 | Checks and balances can be created in government and advocates a separation of powers within the national government. |
| Federalist 10 | Favored a Republic because it would take away the threat of factions taking over the government |
| Republic | A form of government in which sovereignty rests with the people |
| Popular Sovereignty | The concept that ultimate political authority is based on the will of the people |
| Judicial Review | The power of the courts to declare a law unconstitutional |
| Article I | Legislative Branch- Organizations, powers, and restraints |
| Article II | Executive Branch- Powers, duties, restraints, and election of the President |
| Article III | Judicial Branch- Powers, restraints, and the definition of treason |
| Separation of Powers | Delegation of authority for governing among the three branches so that no one part of the government can control all government |
| Check and Balances | Limits imposed on all branches of a government by vesting in each branch the right to amend of void those acts of another branch |
| Supremacy Clause | National law is supreme to all other laws passed by the states or any other subdivision of government |
| Full Faith and Credit Clause | States must respect the acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state |
| Devolution | Power is transferred from the federal government to the state and local governments |
| Mandates | A requirement by the federal government as a condition for receiving federal funds |
| Electoral College (federalism) | All 50 states have their individual election; never any national elections |
| Unitary v. Confederate v. Federal Systems | A Unitary System is where the national government has all of the power. A Confederate System is where the power lies in state governments. A Federal System is where the power is shared between the federal and state government. |
| Categorical Grants | Federal grants for specific purposes defined by federal law |
| Block Grants | Large grants provided from the federal government to state or local governments for use in a general purpose |
| Reserved Powers | The powers granted to the states under the 10th amendment of the Constitution |
| Federalism | Power is divided between the federal, state, and local governments |
| Watchdog | Role played by the national media in investigating political personalities and exposing scandals |
| Scorekeeper | Role played by the national media in keeping track of and helping make political reputations |
| Gatekeeper | Role played by the national media in influencing what subjects become national political issues and for how long |
| Spin | Tactic used in politics to manipulate public opinion |
| Exit Poll | Election related questions asked of voters right after they vote |
| Spot | Short television advertisements used to promote a candidate for government office |
| NY Times v. U.S. | Government can almost never use prior restraint because it violates 1st amendment rights |
| Candidate Centered Campaigns | Campaigns that focuses on candidates, their particular issues, and character instead of party affiliation. |
| Random Poll | A method of poll selection that gives each member in a group the same chances of being selected |
| Visual | A filmed episode showing a candidate doing something newsworthy |
| Primary v. Caucus | A primary is a preliminary election where delegates or presidential nominees are chosen. A caucus is a large meeting of representatives where they select their party's presidential nominee. |
| Motor Voter Law | Requires states to permit people to register to vote at the same time they apply for their driver's license |
| National Conventions | A national meeting of delegates elected in primaries, caucuses, or state conventions who assemble once every four years to nominate candidates for president |
| Approval Ratings | A measurement of how popular or unpopular a leader or program is among the public |
| Incumbency | Being in office helps a person stay in office because of a variety of benefits that go with the position |
| Bush v. Gore | Use of the 14th amendment's equal protection clause to stop the Florida recount in the election of 2000 |
| Critical Elections | An electoral "earthquake" where new issues emerge, new coalitions replace old ones, and the minority party sometimes become the majority party |
| Open Primary | A primary election in which voters may choose in which party to vote as they enter the polling place |
| Closed Primary | A primary election in which voting is limited to already registered party members |
| Super PACs | Political action committees that are allowed to raise and spend unlimited amounts of money from corporations, unions, individuals, and associations |
| Social Contract | The agreement by which people define and limit their individual rights, thus creating an organized government |
| Amendments 15, 19, 24, 26 | Voting rights amendments; gave African Americans the right to vote, women the right to vote, outlawed the poll tax, and lowered the voting age to 18 |
| Attack Ads | Campaign ads that disparage the opposing candidate's qualifications, character, image, record, and issue positions |
| Voting Rights Act of 1965 | Suspended literacy tests, and prohibited states from changing voting procedure without federal permission |
| Winner-Take-All | The system in which the winner of the popular votes in a state receive all the electoral votes of that state |
| Single Member District | An electorate that is allowed to select only one representative from each district |
| Baker v. Carr | Ordered state legislative districts to be as near equal as possible in population; "one person, one vote" |
| Electoral College (voting) | Each state casts one electoral vote for each senator and representative it has. The winner of the elections receives all the electoral votes for that state. |
| Clothespin Voting | The vote cast by a person who does not like either candidate so votes for the less objectionable of the two |
| Straight-Ticket Voting | Voting for candidates of only one party in an election |
Created by:
Hajra Maqsoos
Popular American Government sets