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Head & Neck ana Ch.2
Dr. Alkoury's class
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What do the regions of the head include | frontal, parietal and occipital, temporal, orbital, nasal, infraorbital, zygomatic, and buccal, oral, and mental regions. |
| What does the frontal region include? | the forehead, and the area superior to the eyes |
| Where is the Supraorbital ridge located? | inferior to each eyebrow. It is more prominent in adult males. |
| Describe the Glabella | the smooth elevated area between the eyebrows, which tends to be flat in children and adult females. It has a rounded prominence in adult males |
| What does the scalp consist of? | it consists of layers of soft tissue overlying the bones of the braincase. |
| What is the most prominent structure of the Temporal region | the external ear, which is composed of an auricle (oval flap of the ear), and the external acoustic meatus. |
| What structures are the external ear composed of? | it is composed of an auricle and the external acoustic meatus. |
| The is the function of the auricle? | it collects sound waves. |
| What is the external acoustic meatus? | it is a tube through which sound waves are transmitted to the middle ear within the skull. |
| What is the helix? | it is the superior and posterior free margin of the auricle, which ends inferiorly at the lobule. |
| What is the lobule? | it is the fleshy protuberance of the earlobe. |
| What is the Tragus? | The portion of the auricle anterior to the external acoustic meatus and is a smaller flap of tissue. It is flexible |
| What is the Antitragus? | The other flap of tissue opposite the tragus |
| What is the Intertragic notch? | it is a deep notch located between the tragus and antitragus. |
| Why are the external acoustic meatus and tragus important landmarks? | to use when taking extra oral radiographs and performing local anesthesia on a patient. |
| What structures make up the Orbital region? | the eyeball and all its supporting structures, which are contained in the bony socket called the orbit. |
| What is the orbit? | the bony socket of the oribital region. |
| What is the Sclera? | the white area of the eyeball. |
| What is the iris? | it is the central area of coloration. |
| What is the pupil? | it is the opening in the center of the iris, which appears black, and changes size as the iris responds to changing light conditions |
| Describe the function and location of the eyelids | they are movable and are located on the upper and lower areas and function to cover and protect each eyeball. |
| Describe the location and function of the Lacrimal gland? | it is located behind each upper eyelid and within the orbit. It produces lacrimal fluid or tears. 7-12 ducts |
| What is the Conjunctiva? | it is the delicate and thin membrane lining the inside of the eyelids and the front of the eyeball. |
| What is the Lateral canthus? | it is the outer corner where the upper and lower eyelids meet…AKA outer canthus. |
| What is the Medial canthus? | it is the inner angle of the eye |
| Why are the canthi important landmarks? | to use when taking extra oral radiographs. |
| What is the main feature of the Nasal Region? | its main feature is the external nose. |
| Where is the root of the nose located? | it is located between the eyes. |
| Describe the location of the Nasion | it is inferior to the glabella it is a midpoint landmark of the nasal region that corresponds with the junction between the underlying bones. |
| Buccal | structures closest to the inner cheek |
| Facial | structures closest to the facial surface |
| Golden | guidelines used to consider the facial view of the anterior teeth or the vertical dimensions of the face to create a pleasing proportion |
| Labial | structures closest to the lips |
| Lingual | structures closest to the tongue |
| Palatal | structures closest to the palate |
| Vertical Dimension | of the Face the face divided into thirds |
| Glabella | the smooth, elevated area between the eyebrows in the frontal region |
| Tragus | flap of tissue that is a portion of the auricle and anterior to the external acoustic meatus |
| Mucogingival junction | border between the alveolar mucosa and attached gingiva |
| Sternocleidomastoid Muscle | divides the neck into anterior and posterior cervical triangles |
| Supraorbital Ridge | located inferior to each eyebrow; more prominent in adult males |
| Frontal Eminence | the prominence of the forehead |
| Scalp | consists of layers of soft tissue overlying the bones of the braincase |
| Auricle | oval flap of the external ear that collects sound waves |
| External Acoustic Meatus | a tube through which sound waves are transmitted to the middle ear within the skull |
| Helix | the superior and posterior free margin of the auricle |
| Lobule | inferior fleshy protuberance from the helix of the auricle |
| Antitragus | flap of tissue opposite the tragus |
| Intertragic Notch | deep notch between the tragus and antitragus on the surface of the ear |
| Orbital Region | region of the head that includes the eyeball and all its supporting structures, which are contained within the orbit |
| Sclera | the white area of the eyeball |
| Iris | the central area of coloration of the eyeball |
| Pupil | the opening in the center of the iris, which appears black, and changes size as the iris responds to changing light conditions |
| Lacrimal Gland | structure located behind each upper eyelid and within the orbit that produces lacrimal fluid or tears |
| Conjunctiva | the delicate and thin membrane lining the inside of the eyelids and the front of the eyeball |
| Lateral Canthus | the outer corner where the upper and lower eyelids meet |
| Medial Canthus | the inner angle of the eye |
| Root of the Nose | area of the nasal region between the eyes |
| Nasion | midline junction between the nasal and frontal bones |
| Bridge of the Nose | bony structure inferior to the nasion in the nasal region |
| Apex of the Nose | tip of the nose, formed from cartilage |
| Naris (Nares) | nostril of the nose |
| Nasal Septum | vertical partition of the nasal cavity |
| Ala of the Nose | winglike cartilaginous structures that laterally bound the nares |
| Infraorbital Region | region of the head that is located below the orbital region and lateral to the nasal region |
| Zygomatic Region | region of the head that overlies the cheek bone |
| Zygomatic Arch | arch formed by the union of the temporal process of the zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of the temporal bone |
| Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) | articulation between the temporal bone and mandible that allows for movement of the mandible |
| Buccal Region | region of the head that is composed of the soft tissues of the cheek of the face |
| Masseter Muscle | one of the strong muscles located in the cheek which can be felt when a patient clenches the teeth together |
| Angle of the Mandible | the sharp angle of the lower jaw inferior to the ear's lobule |
| Oral Region | region of the head that contains the lips, oral cavity, palate, tongue and floor of the mouth and portions of the pharynx |
| Vermillion Zone | darker appearance of the lips |
| Vermillion Border | outline of the entire lip from the surrounding skin |
| Philtrum | vertical groove in the midline of the upper lip that extends downward from the nasal septum |
| Labial Commissure | corner of the mouth where the upper and lower lips meet |
| Nasolabial Sulcus | the groove running upward between the labial commissure and the ala of the nose |
| Labiomental Groove | a groove that separates the lower lip from the chin |
| Mucosa | mucous membrane such as that lining the oral cavity |
| Labial Mucosa | lining of the inner portions of the lips |
| Buccal Mucosa | mucosa that lines the inner cheek |
| Buccal Flat Pad | dense pad of tissue covered by the buccal mucosa |
| Parotid Papilla | small elevation of tissue that marks the opening of the parotid salivary glad and is located opposite the second maxillary molar on the inner cheek |
| Maxillary Tuberosity | elevation on the posterior aspect of the maxilla that is perforated by the posterior superior alveolar foramina |
| Alveolar Mucosa | mucosa that lines the vestibules of the oral region |
| Mucobuccal fold | fold in the vestibule where the labial or buccal mucosa meets the alveolar mucosa |
| Labial Frenum | fold of tissue or frenulum located at the midline between the labial mucosa and alveolar mucosa of the maxilla and mandible |
| Mucogingival Junction | border between the alveolar mucosa and attached gingiva |
| Palate | roof of the mouth |
| Hard Palate | anterior portion of the palate formed by the palatine processes of the maxilla and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones |
| Median Palatine Raphe | Midline suture between the palatine processes of the maxillae and between the horizontal plates of the palatine bones |
| Incisive Papilla | a small bulge of tissue at the most anterior portion of the hard palate, lingual to the anterior teeth |
| Palatine Rugae | irregularly ridges of tissues surrounding the incisive papilla on the hard palate |
| Soft Palate | posterior nonbony portion of the palate |
| Uvula of the Palate | midline muscular structure that hangs from the posterior margin of the soft palate |
| Pterygomandibular Fold | fold of tissue in the oral cavity that covers the pterygomandibular raphe |
| Retromolar Pad | dense pad of tissue located just distal to the last tooth of the mandible |
| Base of the Tongue | the posterior third or pharygeal portion, that attaches to the floor of the mouth within the oral portion of the throat |
| Body of the Tongue | the anterior two thirds or oral portion that lies within the oral cavity |
| Apex of the Tongue | the tip of the tongue |
| The Dorsal Surface of the Tongue | top surface of the tongue |
| Sulcus Terminalis | the V Shaped groove on the dorsal surface of the tongue that separates the base from the body of the tongue |
| Foramen Cecum | a small pitlike depression located where the sulcus terminalis points backward toward the throat |
| The Ventral Surface of the Tongue | underside of teh tongue |
| Plica Fimbriata | fold with fringelike projections on the ventral surface of the tongue |
| Lingual Frenum | midline fold of tissue between the ventral surface of the tongue and the floor of the mouth |
| Sublingual Fold | a ridge of tissue on each side of the floor of the mouth |
| Pharynx | portion of both the respiratory and digestive tracts that is divided into the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx |
| Laryngopharynx | inferior portion of pharynx close to the laryngeal opening |
| Nasopharynx | portion of the pharynx that is superior to the level of the soft palate |
| Oropharynx | portion of the pharynx that is between the soft palate and opening of the larynx |
| Epiglottis | a flap of cartilage that, during swallowing, folds back to cover the entrance to the larynx, preventing food and liquid from entering the trachea and then the lungs |
| Fauces | the junction between the oral region and oropharynx |
| Mental region | region of the head where the major feature is the chin |
| Mental Protuberance | the prominence of the chin |
| Labiomental Groove | a groove that separates the lower lip from the chin |
| Regions of the Head | regions that include the frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, orbital, nasal, infraorbital, zygomatic, buccal, oral, and mental regions |
| Regions of the Neck | regions that include the anterior and posterior cervical triangles |
| Thyroid Cartilage | the prominence of the larynx known as the Adam's Apple located at the anterior midline |
| Hyoid Bone | bone suspended in the neck that allows the attachment of many muscles |
| Submandibular Triangle | portion of the anterior cervical triangle formed by the mandible and anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscle |
| Carotid Triangle | smaller triangular region of the neck superior to the omohyoid muscle and a portion of the anterior cervical triangle |
| Muscular Triangle | smaller triangular region of the neck inferior to the omohyoid muscle and a portion of the anterior cervical triangle |
| Submental Triangle | unpaired midline portion of the anterior cervical triangle created by the right and left anterior bellies of the digastric muscle and the hyoid bone |
| Occipital Triangle | smaller triangular region of the neck superior to the omohyoid muscle and a portion of the posterior cervical triangle |
| Subclavian Triangle | smaller triangular region of the neck inferior to the omohyoid muscle and a portion of the posterior cervical triangle |
| In what region of the head and neck is the Tragus Located | the temporal region |
| What structure covers the Parietal and Occipital regions | the scalp |
| What structure extends from just inferior to the lateral margin of the eye toward the ear | the zygomatic arch |
| Sublingual Caruncle | the small papilla at the anterior end of each sublingual fold |
| Median Lingual Sulcus | midline depression on the dorsal surface of the tongue that corresponds to the deeper median septum |
| What is the plane that divides the body into right and left parts | Saggital Plane |
| An area closer to the median plane of the body is considered what | Medial |
| Which structures are located in the frontal region | Glabella, Supraorbital ridge, and frontal eminence |
| Which region of the head and neck is the temporomandibular joint located | zygomatic |
| What is the vertical groove found on the midline of the upper lip, extending downward from the nasal septum called | Philtrum |
| What is the space in the oral cavity which is located between the cheeks, lips, and gum called | the vestibule |
| What is the small bulge of tissue at the most anterior portion of the hard palate | the incisive papilla |
| What is the structure that is found on the midline of the dorsal surface of the tongue | the median lingual sulcus |
| what is the small elevation of tissue on the inner portion of the buccal mucosa, opposite the maxillary second molar | the parotid papilla |
| the labial or buccal mucosa meets the alveolar mucosa at the what | the mucobuccal fold |
| What is the structure in the frontal region just under each eyebrow | the supraorbital ridge |
| what is the medial canthus | the area where the eyelids meet in the inner corner of the eye |
| what is the structure that extends from just inferior to the lateral margin of the eye toward the ear | the zygomatic arch |
| the opening from the oral region into the oropharynx is the | fauces |
| the small flap of tissue anterior to the external acoustic meatus is called | the tragus |
| the lips are outlined form the surrounding skin by a transition zone that is called | vermillion border |
| the firm irregular ridges of tissue directly posterior and lateral to the incisive papilla are | palatine rugae |
| the fold of tissue that extends from the junction of hard and soft palates down to the mandible, just behind the most distal mandibular tooth is | pterygomandibular raphe |
| what separates the lower lip from the chin | the labiomental groove |
| into which cervical triangles does the sternocleidomastoid muscle divide the neck | anterior and posterior portions |
| What is anatomical nomeclature | the system of names of anatomical structures based on the body's being in anatomical position |
| What are the four planes that the body can be divided into | median/midsaggital plane, sagittal plane, frontal plane, and horizontal/transverse plane |
| What is ipsilateral | structures on the same side of median plane are ipsilateral |
| What is contralateral | structures on different sides of the median plane ex: Right arm/ Left leg |
| List the structures located in the frontal region | supraorbital ridge, glabella, and frontal eminence |
| List the prominent structures of the temporal region | external ear which is composed of the auricle and external acoustic meatus |
| List the prominent structures of the orbital region | orbit, and eyeball |
| What is the most prominent feature of the nasal region | the external nose |
| list the most prominent structures of the zygomatic region | zygomatic arch, and temporomandubular joint |
| list the most prominent structures of the buccal region | cheek, masseter muscle, and angle of the mandible |
| list the structures of teh oral region | lips, oral cavity, palate, tongue, floor of the mouth, pharynx |
| list the prominent structures of the mental region | chin: mental protuberance, labiomental groove |
| Submandibular triangle | the superior portion of each anterior cervical triangle that is demarcated by the digastric muscle (both bellies) and the mandible |
| Midline submental triangle | the anterior bellies of the digastric muscles (right and left) and the hyoid bone |
| What does the inferior portion of each anterior cervical triangle form when subdivided by the omohyoid muscle | a carotid triangle above, and a musclular triangle below |
| what does each cervical triangle form when subdivided by the omohyoid muscle | an occipital triangle above and a subclavian triangle below |
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dyoung07
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