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Cranial Nerves
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are general afferent fibers? | Fibers which originate from the dorsal root ganglion |
| What are the two main types of general afferent fibers? | GSA and GVA |
| Generally, GSA includes which type of fibers? | Pain, temperature, touch, and proprioception |
| Generally, GVA includes which type of fibers? | Sensory impulses from the viscera |
| What are the two main types of general efferent fibers? | GSE and GVE |
| Generally, GSE includes which type of fibers? | Motor fibers that innervate the striate muscles derived from the myotomes of somites |
| Generally, GVE includes which type of fibers? | Fibers which innervate smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands |
| What type of fibers does the Vagus nerve contain? | GSA, GVA, SVA, GVE, and SVE |
| Where do the fibers of the Vagus nerve originate from according to type? | GSA --> Superior sensory ganglion GVA, SVA --> Inferior Sensory ganglion GVE --> Dorsal Motor Nucleus SVE --> Nucleus Ambiguus |
| What other nuclei do the fibers of the Vagus nerve run through? | GSA --> Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus GVA --> Caudal part of the Solitary Nucleus SVA --> Rostral part of the Solitary Nucleus |
| What is the function of the GSA fibers of the Vagus nerve? | Receive exteroception from the external ear |
| What is the function of the GVA fibers of the Vagus nerve? | Receive sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thoracic, and abdominal viscera |
| What is the function of the SVA fibers of the Vagus nerve? | Special sensation from the epiglottis |
| What is the function of the GVE fibers of the Vagus nerve? | Motor innervation of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands of the thorax and abdomen |
| What is the function of the SVE fibers of the Vagus nerve? | Supplies the muscles of the pharynx, larynx, and palate |
| What are the effects of Infranuclear Vagal Paralysis? | Paralysis of the Soft palate: nasal speech, regurgitation of fluids, and deviation of the uvula to the normal side Paralysis of the larynx: Hoarseness of speech and paralysis of the vocal cord Paralysis of the parasympathetic part: cardiac irregularity |
| What types of fibers does the Glossopharyngeal nerve contain? | GSA, GVA, SVA, GVE, and SVE |
| Where do the fibers of the Glossopharyngeal nerve originate from according to type? | GSA --> Superior sensory ganglion GVA, SVA --> Inferior Sensory ganglion GVE --> Inferior Solitary Nucleus SVE --> Nucleus Ambiguus |
| What other nuclei do the fibers of the Glossopharyngeal nerve run through? | GSA --> Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus and pars caudalis SVA --> Solitary nucleus |
| What is the function of the GSA fibers of the Glossopharyngeal nerve? | Exteroception from the retroauricular region |
| What is the function of the GVA fibers of the Glossopharyngeal nerve? | Pain, temperature, touch from posterior 1/3rd of tongue including upper pharynx, Eustachian tube, and middle ear/ carotid sinus and body / gag reflex |
| What is the function of the SVA fibers of the Glossopharyngeal nerve? | Sensation from the valate papillae |
| What is the function of the GVE fibers of the Glossopharyngeal nerve? | Innervation to the parotid gland, lesser petrosal nerve/ auricotemporal branch of mandibular |
| What is the function of the SVE fibers of the Glossopharyngeal nerve? | Innervation to the stylopharyngeus |
| What are the effects of Infranuclear Glossopharyngeal lesions? | Loss of the gag reflex due to lesions of the nucleus ambiguus Loss of carotid sinus reflex Loss of taste in the posterior third of the tongue |
| The spinal root of the Accessory Nerve arises from which nucleus? | Accessory |
| How does the spinal root of the Accessory Nerve enter the cranial cavity? | Via the Foramen Magnum |
| Which muscles does the spinal root of the Accessory Nerve supply? | SCM and Trapezius |
| The cranial root of the Accessory Nerve arises from which nucleus? | Caudal part of the Nucleus Ambiguus |
| The cranial root of the Accessory Nerve continues along which nerve? | The vagus nerve and is distributed through pharyngeal and laryngeal branches |
| Spinal accessory nerve lesions may result from: | Stab wounds Removal of cancerous lymph nodes |
| What is the effect of Spinal accessory nerve lesion? | Proximal to the SCM --> atrophy and paralysis of the muscle and weakness on turning the head opposite to the side of the lesion Atrophy of trapezius --> scalloping of the contour of the neck |
| What type of fibers does the Hypoglossal nerve contain? | Mainly GSE |
| What muscles does the Hypoglossal nerve innervate? | Intrinsic and Extrinsic muscles of the tongue not including the palatoglossus Afferent proprioceptive fibers from the muscle spindles of the tongue muscles |
| What is the origin and course of the Hypoglossal nerve? | The Hypoglossal nucleus in the medulla oblongata lateral to the medial leminscus Emerges on the ventral surface of the medulla between the pyramid and inferior olive |
| What is the effect of a Hypoglossal nerve lesion? |
Created by:
Ulaisl
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