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PANRE Review
PANRE Multi system review questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| You can't fibrillate a patient with what rhythms? | Asystole or PEA (Pulse-less Electrical Activity) |
| This antibiotic is never the correct answer on the boards for staph infection | PCN |
| Treatment for chlamydia or gonorrhea | Azithromycin (macrolide) + ceftriaxone |
| The electrocardiogram (ECG) demonstrates a short PR interval | <12 sec |
| The presence of a short PR interval, frequently with a delta wave | preexcitation syndrome |
| A short PR interval, <0.12 sec, with a narrow complex QRS and palpitations | Lown-Ganong-Levine (LGL) syndrome |
| an accessory pathway, the Kent bundle, which directly links the atria to the ventricles, bypassing the atrioventricular (AV) node | Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) pattern |
| slurred and broad upstroke of the QRS complex | delta wave |
| The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles that support the shoulder joint. What are the four muscles? | Supraspinatus, infraspanatus, teres minor and subscapularis |
| What is the standard oral antibiotic regimen for prevention of endocarditis in adults with high risk cardiac lesions? | Amoxicillin 2g PO 30-60 min prior to procedure (for patients not allergic to penicillin) |
| What is the standard oral antibiotic regimen for prevention of endocarditis in adults with high risk cardiac lesions who are allergic to PCN? | Cephalexin 2g or Clindamycin 600mg or Azithromycin 500mg |
| A Churg-Strauss Syndrome patient's anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) blood test test comes back positive. What other conditions might he have? | glomerulonephritis, alveolar hemorrhage, purpura or mononeuritis complex. |
| Cough in gi may suggest - suggests a | malignant trachea-esophageal fistula. |
| Hoarseness - may be invasion into the left recurrent laryngeal. | |
| esophagram - demonstrate an “apple core” or obstructive mass lesion with | esophageal cancer. |
| Chemicals irritation to esophagus | squamous cell cancer. |
| alcohol binge drinking and vomiting, over a chronic period of time, | adenocarcinoma. |
| “apple core” type of appearance. | esophageal cancer |
| Progressive dysphagia. | Esophageal cancer. Surgery is the only curative option. |
| A Schatzki ring, this ring in the esophagus would be | distal. |
| non-progressive dysphagia | Schatzki Ring |
| An esophageal web will be more so in the upper portion. true or false | True |
| the nails and it looks like they’re depressed, spooning of the nails.and the tongue looks beefy, beefy red. | iron deficiency. |
| koilonychia - spooning of the fingernails, spooning, there’s esophageal webs, iron deficiency anemia | Plummer-Vinson Syndrome |
| spooning of the fingernails, | koilonychia |
| the esophageal web is made up of squamous cell, with persistent irritation may go on to develop dysplasia and | squamous cell cancer of the esophagus. |
| Plummer-Vinson Syndrome treatment | dilatation of esophageal webs |
| The fundus of the stomach herniating into the thoracic cavity? | Hiatal hernia. |
| what % of your patients with GERD could have an associated hiatal hernia | 40% |
| GERD associated in immunocompromised patients | Infectious |
| GERD associated with - Herpes, Cytomegalovirus, HIV | Viral GERD |
| The squamous cells of the esophagus may then turn into or undergo metaplasia into columnar cells. | Barrett’s esophagus. |
| Barrett’s esophagus, which is not a cancer, but its metaplasia, is at risk for dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. True or False | True |
| in GERD, there’s decreased relaxation of he esophagus. T or F | False : in GERD, there’s excessive relaxation. |
| What kind of cancer would this be most likely with GERD? | Adenocarcinoma..You go from Barrett’s esophagus to metaplasia, into dysplasia and into your adenocarcinoma, most likely located in your lower esophagus. |
| the perfusion of esophagus with acid to induce the symptoms of GERD | The Bernstein test |
| Gerd use The histamine blockers H2 blocker | ranitidine, cimetidine. |
| PPIs would be even better for gerd - Proton Pump Inhibitor | Prevacid, Prilosec, Nexium (the purple pill). |
| Treatment if your patient is still exhibiting symptoms of GERD, after H2 blockers and PPIs | surgery. |
| Barrett’s esophagus would be the beginning stages or confirmation that metaplasia is taking place. But this is not cancer, is it? So this is reversible? | correct. |
| as the Barrett’s esophagus persists _________into columnar, associated with long term acid exposure. , | metaplasia |
| What kind of dysphagia would this be in Barrett's Esophagus ? | progressive solids first, then liquids |
| potassium compounds, NSAIDs , quinidine, iron, , alendronate due to osteoporosis, tetracycline, vitamin C; all this could cause | pill-induced esophagitis. |
| Infectious Esophagitis diagnosis | Endoscopy is the test of choice, |
| painful swallowing | painful swallowing - odynophagia |
| Cytomegalovirus esophagitis, you’d find this ulcer to be | circumscribed |
| Cytomegalovirus esophagitis, - biopsy shows | viral inclusions |
| Cytomegalovirus esophagitis, treatment | Foscarnet may be necessary for resistance., but also Acyclovir, Gancyclovir, Foscarnet - drugs that you want to keep in mind in the family of Herpes. |
| Cytomegalovirus esophagitis, Management, | Management, it would be IV ganciclovir followed by something like Valgancyclovir and Foscarnet |
| Most frequent cause of esophagitis in immunocompromised patients. | Candida Esophagitis |
| Candida Esophagitis findings | the pseudo hyphae and the yeast. |
| Candida Esophagitis Management | fluconazole, oral |
| obstruction of your lower esophageal sphincter. | achalasia |
| Some peptides that you know of that are responsible for normal relaxation physiologically of the LES. | VIP - Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, and nitric oxide. |
| Failure of the relaxation of LES | Found in achalasia. |
| Necessary to rule out achalasia | Esophagogastroduodenoscopy necessary to rule out… EGD |
| Chagas disease for you, and I keep repeating this, will be responsible for 3 major sites for pathology. 04:11 One would be the esophagus with achalasia, dilation of the proximal esophagus. | |
| Chagas with amastigotes in the heart destroying the myocardium, resulting in dilated cardiomyopathy. | |
| Chagas disease down in the intestine. 04:31 Trypanosoma Cruzi resulting in toxic megacolon. | |
| So what is the confirmatory test for achalasia? It is not endoscopy. | do an Esophageal motility test |
Created by:
TutorDavis17
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