Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Med Term CH4
Med Term CH4 Muscular System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| bi- | twice |
| -cele | hernia, tumor, swelling |
| dys- | bad, difficult, painful |
| fasci/o | fascia, fibrous band |
| fibr/o | fibrous tissue, fiber |
| -ia | abnormal condition, disease, plural of -ium |
| -ic | pertaining to |
| kines/o, kinesi/o | movement |
| my/o | muscle |
| -plegia | paralsis, stroke |
| -rrhexis | rupture |
| tax/o | coordination, order |
| ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o | tendon, stretch out, extend, strain |
| ton/o | tone, stretching, tension |
| tri- | three |
| muscle fibers | long, slender cells that make up muscles |
| fascia | band of connective tissue that envelops, separates, or binds together muscles or groups of muscles |
| myofascial | pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia |
| tendon | narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone |
| ligaments | bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone |
| patellar tendon | attaches muscles to the bottom of the patella |
| achilles tendon | attaches the gastrocnemius muscle to the heel bone |
| aponeurosis | sheet-like fibrous connective tissue resembling a flattened tendon that connects muscles together or to a bone |
| 3 types of muscle tissue | skeletal, smooth, & myocardial |
| skeletal muscles | attached to bones of the skeleton and make body motions possible. aka voluntary muscles, striated muscles |
| striated | striped |
| voluntary muscles | skeletal muscles - we have conscious control over these muscles |
| striated muscles | skeletal muscles - under a microscope the dark & light bands in the muscle fibers create a striped appearance. |
| smooth muscle locations | located in walls of internal organs such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, & ducts leading from glands. |
| smooth muscle functions | move & control flow of fluids. aka involuntary muscles, unstriated muscles, visceral muscles |
| involuntary muscles | smooth muscle, under control of autonomic nervous system & are not under voluntary control. |
| unstriated muscles | smooth muscle, do not have dark and light bands like striated |
| visceral muscles | smooth muscle, found in hollow structures such as those of the digestive tract & urinary systems. Found in LG internal organs |
| visceral | relating to the internal organs |
| myocardial muscles | aka myocardium or cardiac muscle, form muscular walls of the heart. Like striated in appearance, smooth muscle b/c involuntary. Constant contraction/ relaxation = heartbeat |
| muscle innervation | stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve. Control voluntary muscle contractions |
| neuromuscular | pertaining to the relationship btw an nerve & muscle |
| antagonistic | working in opposition to each other - muscles are antagonistic pairs |
| contraction | tightening of a muscle, becomes shorter and thicker causing belly (center) to enlarge |
| relaxation | occurs when muscle returns to its original form, becomes longer and thinner, belly no longer enlarged |
| abduction | movement of a limb away from the midline of the body |
| abductor muscle | moves a body part away from the midline |
| adduction | movement of a limb toward the midline of the body |
| adductor muscle | moves body part toward midline |
| flexion | decreasing the angle btw 2 bones by bending a limb at a joint |
| extension | increasing the angle btw 2 bones or the straightening out of a limb |
| extensor muscle | straightens limb at a joint |
| hyperextension | extreme overextension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit. |
| elevation | act of raising or lifting a body part |
| levator anguli oris | muscles of the face that raise the corners of the mouth into a smile |
| levator muscle | muscle that raises body part |
| depressor anguli oris | lowers corners of mouth to a frown |
| depressor muscle | lowers body part |
| rotation | circular movement around an axis such as shoulder joint |
| axis | imaginary line that runs lengthwise through the center of the body, & rotation turns a bone on its own axis |
| circumduction | circular movement at far end of limb. |
| rotator muscle | turns a body part on its axis |
| rotator cuff | group of muscles & their tendons that hold the head of the humerous securely in place as it rotates w/in shoulder joint |
| supination | act of rotating the arm or leg so that palm of hand or sole of foot is turned forward or upward. |
| pronation | act of rotating arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward or backward |
| dorsiflexion | movement that bends food upward at ankle, decreases angle |
| plantar flexion | movement that bends foot downward at ankle, increasing angle |
| plantar | pertaining to the sole of the foot |
| superficial muscles | located near the surface, just under skin |
| origin | where muscle begins, located nearest midline of body or on a less movable part of skeleton. |
| insertion | where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon, more movable attachment |
| sternocleidomastoid muscle | helps bend neck and rotate head. Named for 2 points of origin: stern/o breastbone, cleid/o collar bone. Mastoid muscle to mastoid process |
| cleid/o | collar bone |
| mastoid process | part of temporal bone that is located just behind ear |
| flexor carpi muscles | make flexion of the wrist possible |
| extensor carpi muscles | make extension of the wrist possible |
| carpi | wrist or wrist bones |
| pectoralis major | thick, fan-shaped muscle situated on the anterior chest wall |
| pectoral | relating to the chest |
| lateralis | toward the side |
| vastus lateralis | large muscle toward the outer side of the leg. |
| vastus | Latin = huge |
| medialis | toward the midline |
| vastus medialis | muscle toward the midline of the leg, part of quadriceps that flex & extend leg at knee |
| oblique | slanted or at an angle |
| rectus | straight alignment w/ vertical axis of the body. |
| sphincter | ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway. |
| transverse | in a crosswise direction |
| biceps brachii | aka biceps, formed from two division |
| triceps brachii | aka triceps, formed from 3 divisions |
| gluteus maximus | largest muscle of buttock, great or large |
| deltoid muscle | located on shoulder, shaped like inverted triangle, Greek delta symbol |
| hamstring group | back of upper leg, knee flexion and hip extension: biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus muscles |
| frontalis muscle | aka occipitofrontalis, muscle in forehead that raises & lowers eyebrows |
| temporalis muscle | muscle moves the lower jaw up and back to close mouth |
| masseter muscle | one of the strongest in body, moves lower jaw up to close mouth when chewing |
| pectoralis major | in men, makes up bulk of chest muscles & in women lies under breast |
| external oblique muscles | flex and rotate the vertebral column, flex torso & compress the abdomen. |
| internal oblique muscles | flex the spine, support the abdominal contents, help breathe, & rotate spine |
| rectus abdominus | helps flex the trunk, assists in breathing, supports spine |
| transverse abdominis | located on the side of the abdomen. Core muscle that is engaged when a person laughs or coughs |
| deltoid | forms muscular cap of shoulder |
| trapezius | muscle moves the head and shoulder blade |
| biceps brachii | located in anterior upper arm, flexes elbow |
| triceps brachii | located in posterior upper arm, extends elbow |
| rectus femoris | extends leg @ knee |
| quadriceps femoris | 4 muscles including: vastus lateralis & vastis medialis, which flex & extend the leg at the knee |
| hamstring group | involved in knee flexion & hip extension |
| gastrocnemius | calf muscle that flexes the knee & bends the foot downward. Latin: stomach of the leg, from bulge |
| exercise physiologist | specialist who works under physician to develop, implement, & coordinate exercise programs & administer fitness tests |
| neurologist | physician who specializes in treating causes of paralysis & similar muscular disorders |
| occupational therapist | OT, helps enable patients to participate in activities of daily life , including self-care, education ,work, social |
| physiatrist | physician who specializes in physical medicine & rehab w/ focus on restoring function. |
| rehabilitation | restoration, following disease, illness, or injury, of the ability to function in a normal or near-normal manner |
| physical therapist | PT, provides treatment to prevent disability or restore function through use of exercise, heat, massage, or other techniques |
| sports medicine physician | specializes in treating sports-related injuries of bones, joints, muscles |
| fasciitis | inflammation of a fascia |
| fibromyalgia | debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue,; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain |
| debilitating | condition causing weakness |
| tenosynovitis | inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon |
| tendinitis | or tendonitis, inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of joint |
| chronic fatigue syndrome | CFS, disorder of unknown cause that affects many body systems, symptoms similar to fibromyalgia & may be related |
| myaligic encephalomeylitis | aka chronic fatigue syndrome |
| adhesion | band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally. Can form in muscles or internal organs from injury or surgery |
| atrophy | weakness or wearing away of body tissues & structures. Can be from pathology or by disuse of muscle over long period |
| myalgia | tenderness or pain in muscles |
| myocele | herniation (protrusion) of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it |
| hernia | protrusion of a part of a structure through the tissues normally containing it |
| myolysis | degeneration of muscle tissue |
| degeneration | deterioration or breaking down |
| deterioration | process of becoming worse |
| myorrhexis | rupture or tearing of a muscle |
| polymyositis | muscle disease characterized by simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of body. |
| rhabdomyolysis | serious syndrome that can result from a direct or indirect muscle injury |
| sarcopenia | loss of muscle mass, strength, & function that come w/ aging. Can be slowed/ improved w/ fitness but not stopped |
| muscle tone | state of balanced muscle tension that makes normal posture, coordination, & movement possible |
| atonic | lacking normal muscle tone or strength |
| dystonia | condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement |
| hypotonia | condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles |
| ataxia | lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement, often shaky and unsteady, likely abnormal activity in cerebellum |
| contracture | permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced w/ nonelastic. Scarring or lack of activity |
| intermittent claudication | pain in leg muscles that occur during exercise & relieved by rest. Poor circulation |
| intermittent | coming and going at intervals |
| claudication | limping |
| spasm | any sudden, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles. |
| tic | repeated spasm, often involving eyelids or face. Difficult or impossible to control |
| myoclonus | quick, involuntary jerking of a muscle or groups of muscles. might happen when falling asleep as jerks, shakes, spasms |
| singultus | aka hiccups, myoclonus of the diaphram that causes sound of hiccups w/ each spasm |
| cramp | aka charley horse, painful localized muscle spasm often named for its cause, menstrual cramps or writer's cramp |
| torticollis | aka wryneck, stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of neck muscles that pull head toward the affected side. |
| bradykinesia | extreme slowness in movement - symptom of Parkinson's disease |
| dyskinesia | distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or jerky motions |
| hyperkinesia | aka hyperactivity, abnormally increased muscle function or activity |
| myasthenia gravis | chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles. |
| myasthenia | muscle weakness |
| gravis | Latin: grave, serious |
| muscular dystrophy | group of more than 30 genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness & degeneration of skeletal muscles that control movement, w/o affecting nervous system |
| Duchenne muscular dystrophy | DMD, most common form of MD in children. Primarily affects boys starting 3-5 and progresses so can't walk by 12 |
| Becker muscular dystrophy | BMD similar, but less severe than DMD |
| repetitive stress disorder | aka repetitive motion disorders, variety of muscular conditions that result from repeated motions performed normally. |
| compartment syndrome | involves compression of nerves & blood vessels due to swelling w/in the "compartment". Caused by trauma, tight bandages, repetitive activities |
| "compartment" | enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles |
| overuse injuries | minor tissue injuries that have not been given time to heal |
| overuse tendinitis | aka overuse tendinosis, inflammation of tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of a joint |
| stress fractures | usually overuse injuries |
| myofascial pain syndrome | chronic pain disorder that affects muscles & fascia throughout body. |
| trigger points | tender areas that most commonly develop where the fascia comes into contact w/ a muscle |
| referred pain | pain that originates in one area but felt in another |
| impingement syndrome | occurs when inflamed & swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space btw the bones w/in the shoulder joint |
| rotator cuff tendinitis | aka tennis shoulder, pitcher's shoulder, inflammation of the tendons of the rotator cuff |
| ruptured rotator cuff | when rotator cuff tendinitis is left untreated or if overuse continues. Irritated tendon weakens and tears |
| carpal tunnel syndrome | symptoms occur when the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel are chronically overused & become inflamed & swollen |
| carpal tunnel | narrow, bony passage under the carpal ligament that is located just below inner surface of the wrist. Median nerve & tendons that bend fingers pass through this tunnel |
| carpal tunnel release | surgical enlargement of the carpal tunnel or cutting of carpal ligament to relieve pressure on tendons & nerves |
| ganglion cyst | harmless, fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist. |
| epicondylitis | inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow |
| condyle | round prominence at end of a bone |
| lateral epicondylitis | aka tennis elbow, characterized by pain on outer side of forearm |
| medial epicondylitis | aka golfer's elbow, characterized by pain on the palm-side of the forearm |
| heel spur | calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the calcaneus (heel) bone. |
| plantar fasciitis | an inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot. Causes foot or heel pain when walking/ running. |
| sprain | injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist, which usually occurs when ligament is wrenched or torn |
| strain | injury to the body of the muscle or to the attachment of a tendon. Associated w/ overuse injuries that involve a stretched or torn muscle or tendon attachment |
| shin splint | painful condition caused by the tibialis anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia (shin bone) |
| where can shin splints occur? | anterolateral (front and side) muscles or posteromedial (back & middle) muscles of the lower leg. |
| hamstring injury | can be a strain or tear on any of the 3 hamstring muscles that straighten the hip and bend the knee. |
| Achilles tendinitis | painful inflammation of the Achilles tendon caused by excessive stress on that tendon |
| spinal cord injury | SCI, determined by level of injury - the higher, the greater are of body affected |
| incomplete injury | SCI: person has some function below the level of the injury, even though the function isn't normal |
| complete injury | SCI: complete loss of sensation & muscle control below the level of the injury |
| paralysis | loss of sensation & voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply. Temp or perm |
| myoparesis | weakness or slight muscular paralysis |
| hemiparesis | slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of body |
| hemiplegia | total paralysis affecting only one side of the body - likely from stroke or brain damage |
| hemiplegic | a person affected w/ hemiplegia |
| paraplegia | paralysis of both legs & lower part of body |
| paraplegic | person affected w/ paraplegia |
| quadriplegia | paralysis of all four extremities |
| quadriplegic | person affected w/ quadriplegia |
| deep tendon reflexes | DTRs, tested w/ reflex hammer that is used to strike a tendon. No or abnormal response = disruption of nerve supply to muscles |
| reflex | involuntary response to a stimulus |
| range-of-motion testing | ROM, diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility & muscle strength. ROM exercises increase mobility/ strength |
| electromyography | EMG, diagnostic test that measures electrical activity w/in muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation |
| electromyogram | record from electromyography |
| muscle biopsy | removal of a plug of tissue for examination, biopsy needle. |
| antispasmodic | aka anticholinergic, administered to suppress smooth muscle contractions of stomach, intestine, bladder |
| atropine | antispasmodic that can be administered preoperatively to relax smooth muscles during surgery |
| skeletal muscle relaxant | administered to relax certain muscles & to relieve stiffness, pain, & discomfort caused by strains, sprains, or other muscle injuries |
| neuromuscular blocker | aka neuromuscular blocking agent, drug that causes temp paralysis by blocking transmission of nerve stimuli to muscles |
| adjunct | in addition to |
| ergonomics | study of the human factors that affect the design & operation of tools & the work environment. |
| myofascial release | specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease pain of certain conditions. |
| occupational therapy | OT, consists of activities to promote recovery & rehab to assist patients in performing daily activities |
| ADL | activities of daily living |
| physical therapy | PT, treatment to prevent disability or restore function through use of exercise, heat, massage, or other techniques |
| therapeutic ultrasound | high-frequency sound waves to treat muscle injuries by generating heat deep w/in muscle |
| transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation | TENS, device that delivers electrical impulses through the skin, which cause changes in muscles. |
| RICE | most common first aid treatment of muscular injuries. Rest, Ice, Compression, & Elevation. |
| fasciotomy | surgical incision through fascia to relieve tension or pressure |
| fascioplasty | surgical repair of fascia |
| tenodesis | surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone |
| tenolysis | release of a tendon from adhesions |
| tenorrphaphy | surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon |
| tenotomy | a surgical incision into a tendon |
| ultrasound-guided percutaneous needle tenotomy | PNT, used to treat chronic tendon pain by using ultrasound-guided needle insertions to stimulate scar tissue healing. |
| platelet-rich plasma therapy | can be used in conjunction w/ PNT, some of patient's blood is injected into scar tissue to promote increased blood flow/ healing |
| myorrhaphy | surgical suturing of a muscle |
| myotomy | surgical incision into a muscle |
| CTS | Carpal tunnel syndrome |
| CFS | chronic fatigue syndrome |
| EMG | electromyography |
| hemi | hemiplegia |
| IC | intermittent claudication |
| MD | muscular dystrophy |
| MG | myasthenia gravis |
| OT | occupational therapy |
| PM | polymyositis |
| quad | quadriplegia |
| RSD | repetitive stress disorder |
| ROM | range-of-motion testing |
Created by:
kld0519
Popular Medical sets