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Chapt.8 Key Terms
Cardiovascular System & Abbreviations
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| aneurysm | an excessive localized enlargement of an artery caused by a weakening of the artery wall. |
| angioplasty | surgical repair or unblocking of a blood vessel, especially a coronary artery. |
| angioscopy | visualizing the interior of blood vessels. |
| anomaly | something that deviates from what is standard, normal, or expected. |
| aortic valve | the human heart between the left ventricle and the aorta. |
| arteries | any of the muscular-walled tubes forming part of the circulation system by which blood is conveyed from the heart to all parts of the body. |
| atria | an irregular and often very fast heart rate. |
| atrioventricular node (AV node) | which controls the heart rate, is one of the major elements in the cardiac conduction system. |
| bundle of His | cardiac muscle fibers that conducts the electrical impulses that regulate the heartbeat. |
| cardiac pacemaker | a small device that's placed in the chest or abdomen to help control abnormal heart rhythms. |
| cardiovascular system | another term for circulatory system. |
| central venous access device (CVA device) | broad term that includes many types of catheters (thin, flexible hollow tubes) that are inserted into and positioned within a vein in the body |
| complete replacement | Based on the origins of modern humans in africa, and later replacement of populations in europe and asia |
| coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) | a type of surgery that improves blood flow to the heart. |
| dual-chamber system | pacemaker with pacing electrodes in both the right atrium and the right ventricle, which helps maintain the physiological relationship between atrial and ventricular |
| electrodes | a conductor through which electricity enters or leaves an object, substance, or region. |
| endarterectomy | surgical removal of the inner layer of an artery when thickened and atheromatous or occluded (as by intimal plaques) |
| endocardium | the thin, smooth membrane that lines the inside of the chambers of the heart and forms the surface of the valves. |
| epicardium | a serous membrane that forms the innermost layer of the pericardium and the outer surface of the heart. |
| heart | a hollow muscular organ that pumps the blood through the circulatory system by rhythmic contraction and dilation. In vertebrates there may be up to four chambers |
| insertion | the action of inserting something. |
| ligation | the surgical procedure of closing off a blood vessel or other duct or tube in the body by means of a ligature or clip. |
| mitral valve | the valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart, consisting of two tapered cusps. |
| myocardium | the muscular tissue of the heart. |
| non selective placement | to a catheter that remains in the accessed vessel or that has made it into the aorta |
| pacing cardioverter-defibrillator | automated implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD) is a device implantable inside the body |
| parietal pericardium | the tough thickened membranous outer layer of the pericardium that is attached to the central part of the diaphragm and the posterior part of the sternum |
| partial replacement | partial knee replacement is surgery to replace only one part of a damaged knee |
| percutaneous ventricular assist device (pVAD) | a small mechanical pump that gives short-term support for the heart from a few hours up to 15 days |
| pericardial fluid | consists of two layers, an outer fibrous layer and the inner serous layer. |
| pericardial sac | conical sac of fibrous tissue which surrounds the heart and the roots of the great blood vessels |
| pericardiocentesis | the removal by needle of pericardial fluid from the sac surrounding the heart for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. |
| pericardium | the membrane enclosing the heart, consisting of an outer fibrous layer and an inner double layer of serous membrane. |
| pulmonary valve | allow blood to leave the heart via the arteries. It is a one-way valve, meaning that blood cannot flow back into the heart through it. |
| pulse generator | is either an electronic circuit or a piece of electronic test equipment used to generate rectangular pulses. |
| removal | the action of taking away or abolishing something unwanted. |
| repair | to fix |
| selective placement | ho helps management recruit, hire and accommodate people with disabilities. |
| serous pericardium | which is intimately attached to the heart and roots of the great vessels. |
| single-chamber system | the space between the layers is the pericardial cavity. |
| sinoatrial node (SA node) | a small body of specialized muscle tissue in the wall of the right atrium of the heart that acts as a pacemaker by producing a contractile signal at regular intervals. |
| thromboendarterectomy | an operation that removes organized clotted blood (thrombus) from the pulmonary arteries. |
| tricuspid valve | a valve that is situated at the opening of the right atrium of the heart into the right ventricle and that resembles the mitral valve |
| tube pericardiostomy | an operation in which the pericardium is opened and the fluid within drained via a tube |
| veins | any of the tubes forming part of the blood circulation system of the body, carrying in most cases oxygen-depleted blood toward the heart. |
| venous access device | small, flexible tubes placed in large veins for people who require frequent access to the bloodstream |
| ventricles | a hollow part or cavity in an organ, in particular. |
| vessels | a tube or canal |
| visceral pericardium | ayers is the pericardial cavity. visceral pericardium the inner layer of the serous pericardium, which is in contact with the heart and roots |
| Abbreviations | Definitions |
| AED | automated external defibrillator |
| A-fib | atrial fibrillation |
| AICD | automated implantable cardioverter-defibrillator |
| AS | aortic stenosis |
| ASD | atrial septal defect |
| ASHD | arteriosclerotic heart disease |
| BBB | bundle-branch block |
| CABG | coronary artery bypass graft |
| CAD | coronary artery disease |
| CC | cardiac catheterization |
| CCU | coronary care unit |
| CHD | coronary heart disease |
| CHF | congestive heart failure |
| DVT | deep vein thrombosis |
| EKG | electrocardiogram |
| HTN | hypertension |
| MI | myocardial infarction |
| MVP | mitral valve prolapse |
| PAD | peripheral artery disease |
| pVAD | percutaneous ventricular assist device |
| PVD | peripheral vascular disease |
Created by:
K.Lindsey
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