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Heart, Blood, EKGs
Identifying key terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Oxygenated blood flows through the _______________ _____________. | pulmonary veins |
| The hepatic vein carries blood from the vena cava to the ____________. | Liver |
| The heart is positioned in the mediastinum : | Between the lungs, superior to the diaphragm. |
| The pericardial space is found between ___________ and the _____________pericardium. | Visceral and parietal pericardium. |
| The QRS complex of the EKG represents ___________________ depolarization. | Ventricular |
| Compared with arteries, veins: have a ________ diameter. | larger diameter |
| Another name for the mitral valve is the __________ valve. | Bicuspid |
| Backflow of the blood from the arteries into the relaxing ventricles is prevented by the _________ valves. | Semiluminar |
| In pulmonary circulation, blood flows from right ventricle, thru the pulmonary veins to the ____________ | Lungs |
| During relaxation or _______________________, blood fills the chambers. | Diastole |
| In __________________, the heart contracts and forces blood from the chamber into the pulmonary or systemic circulation. | Systole |
| True or False? The blood within the heart chambers supplies oxygen and other nutrients to the cells of the heart. | False |
| True or False? Blood flows from a higher pressure area toward a lower pressure area. | True |
| Normally, electrical impulses arise in the __________________ node called the pacemaker of the heart. | Sinoatrial node. |
| In pulmonary circulation, blood flows from the lungs, thru the pulmonary arteries to the left ________________. | Atrium |
| A tubular network that permits blood to flow from the heart to all living cells of the body and then back to the heart. | Blood vessels |
| A 4-chambered, double pump in the body | Heart |
| The path of the blood from the heart, through to the lungs and back completes one circuit called the ___________________ circulation. | Pulmonary |
| The upper 2 chambers of the heart that receive venous blood | Atria |
| The lower 2 chambers of the heart, the right and left ventricles pump blood into the the _____________ system. | Arterial |
| The _____________ skeleton located between the atria and ventricles of the heart is a layer of dense connective tissue. | Fibrous |
| The chamber of the heart that pumps oxygenated blood out to the body. | Left ventricle |
| Oxygen rich blood is supplied by the aorta to arterial branches supplying the organ systems and is part of the ______________ circulation. | Systemic |
| The 3 flapped AV valve between the right atrium and right ventricle. | Triscupid |
| Blood that drains back into the systemic veins is partially depleted in ______________ but increased in carbon dioxide content. | Oxygen |
| The superior and inferior ____________ ______________ return oxygen poor blood back to the right atrium. | Vena Cavae |
| Atria depolarization creates the ____ waves. | P-waves |
| ECG or EKG | Electrocardiogram |
| The atrioventricular bundle is also called the __________ __ ______ and begins at the top of the interventricular septum. | Bundle of His |
| The effect of the massaging action of skeletal muscles on venous blood flow. | Skeletal muscle pump |
| A cardiac rate less than 60 beats per minute. | Bradycardia |
| A cardiac rate greater than 100 beats per minute. | Tachycardia |
| The ______ fibers transmit the electrical impulse into the ventricular muscle and cause it to contract. | Purkinje |
| Blood is ejected from the ventricles until the pressure within them falls below the pressure in the ________________. | Arteries |
| Closing of the AV valve produces the first heart sound or_______ at systole. | Lub |
| The second heart sound or "dub" is produced in _____________. | Diastole |
| ____________ and veins contain 3 layers: intima, media and externa. | Arteries |
| The ventricles contract at systole to close the ___ valves | AV |
| Changes in the cardiac rate primarily reflect changes in the duration of systole or diastole. | Diastole |
| The approximate size of the heart is the size of a _____. | Fist |
| Middle muscular layer | Myocardium |
| Returns blood from the head, arms and upper body to heart | Superior vena cava |
| The largest artery in the body. It transports oxygenated blood to entire body. | Aorta |
| Where is the AV node located | floor of the R atrium |
| Required for the production of Prothrombin and clotting factors VII, Ix, & X. Synthesis of components for clotting. | Vitamin K |
| Deficiency of vitamin K can cause | Bleeding disorder |
| 5 types of ________________ vessels exist in the heart | Blood vessels |
| Veins, arteries, capillaries, arterioles, venules | Types of blood vessels |
| small veins | venules |
| Small branch of artety leading to the capillaries | arterioles |
| any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules | Capillaries |
| They are responsible for returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart after arteries carry blood out | Veins |
| the largest vein | Vena cava |
| large blood vessels that receive oxygenated blood from the lungs and drain into the left atrium of the heart. | Pulmonary Veins |
| The outer layer of the vein is connective tissue called | tunica adventitia or or tunica externa |
| The middle layer of smooth muscle called of the vein | tunica media |
| rhythmic pulses of blood thru the arteries | Pulse |
| blood (mainly that which has been oxygenated) is conveyed from the heart to all parts of the body thru | arteries |
| The mechanisms that facilitate capillary exchange | diffusion, transcytosis ,bulk flow ( filtration & Reabsorption) |
| The 3 types of capillaries | Fenesetroids, sinusoids, and continuous |
| Possess small windows or pores in the endothelium, found in the kidneys, small intestines, brain and endocrine glands. | Fenesteroids |
| larger, winding capillaries and have very large clefts, found in the liver, bone marrow, spleen and endocrine glands. | Sinusoids |
| Plasma membrane forms a continuous tube interrupted only by clefts between the endothelial cells | Continuous capillaries |
| This system assures the slowdown of blood for absorption. Blood flows thru the capillary network into a portal vein. | Portal system |
| Where the WBCs leave the blood, very porous and receive blood from the capillaries | Venules |
| Veins in the limbs possess these... | Valves |
| Baglike vein | Venus Sinuses |
| Most tissue of the body receive blood from more than one artery via an ... | Anastomosis |
| Percentage of blood in the systemic capillaries at ret | 7% |
| Percentage of blood in the heart at rest | 7% |
| Percentage of blood in the systemic veins and venules at rest. | 64% |
| Percentage of blood in the pulmonary vessels | 9% |
| Percentage of blood in the systemic arteries and arterioles | 13% |
| Involves the movement of a vesicle in through 1 side of the cell and out the other side. | Transcytosis |
| Most important method of capillary exchange. Simple occurs from areas of high to low. | Diffusion |
| Cannot diffuse in capillary diffusion because they are too large. | RBCs and proteins |
| A passive process in capillary exchange. Involves the passing of molecules in fluids from areas of high to low.. filtration | Bulk flow |
| Large lipid insoluble molecules like insulin enter the blood stream via this type of exchange | Transcytosis |
| passive and depends on concentration gradient. Movement of materials from liquids from interstitial fluids back into the blood. | Reabsorption |
| Stroke volume times heart rate | cardiac output |
| Blood flows from regions of ___________ pressure to regions of ____________ pressure | High, low |
| The lower the pressure difference the greater the blood flow. True or false | False |
| Blood pressure is highest in the aorta and elastic arteries and lower in the capillaries and venules. True or False | True |
| Systolic BP | 110mm Hg |
| Diastolic BP | 70mmHg |
| Blood pressure rises if blood volume increases or decreases if volume drops+ True or False | True |
| The blood vessels in the circulatory system | Vasa Vasorum |
| the innermost wall of the arteries; layer of elastic tissue | Tunica interna or intima |
| In capillary networks found between the network and the arterioles; at the arterial end possess scattered smooth tissue | Metarterioles |
| Thoroughfare channel is formed by this | Metarterioles |
| The job of __________________ is to exchange materials with the interstitial fluids surrounding cells | Capillaries |
| The most important method of capillary exchange, important for solute exchange. | Diffusion |
| TRANSPORTS, REGULATES AND PROTECTS | FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD |
| A dense liquid thicker than water. | Blood |
| Normal temperature of blood | 100.4 F |
| Blood comprises what percentage of body mass | 8% |
| Blood has 2 primary components | Formed elements and blood plasma |
| Approximate percentage of formed elements | 45% |
| Percentage of blood plasma that is water | 90-92% |
| Red blood cells, white blood cells and __________________ are the formed elements of blood | Platelets |
| Consist of 3 grandular leukocytes and 2 agranular leukocytes | White blood cells |
| monocytes and T&B lymphocytes | Angrandular leukocytes |
| neutrophils, eosinophils & basophils | Granular leukocytes |
| formation of blood | homopoiesis/hematopoiesis |
| Regulates the # of platelets and RBCs | Negative feedback |
| It's regulation depends on the circumstances of the body | WBCs |
| The site of hematopoiesis beginning at birth and continuing throughout life. | Red bone marrow |
| About 1% of the cells of the marrow are derived from ____________________ and are pluripotent stem cells | Mesenchyme |
| Cells with the ability to differentiate into themselves and into cells that give rise to blood cells | Stem Cells |
| T or F. Once blood cells are produced in the red marrow, they do not divide...with the exception of white blood cells. | True |
| Divided into 2 types of stem cells: myeloid and lymphoid | Pluripotent stem cells |
| Originate in the red marrow & hormone play a large role in hemopoiesis | Myeloid stem cells |
| Give rise to lymphocytes and begin life in the red marrow but complete differentiation in the lymph tissue | Lymphoid Stem Cells |
| Red blood cells. biconcave in shape and live for about 120 days | Erythrocytes |
| Lack a nucleus and other organelles and carry some antigens which account for ABO blood typing | Erythrocytes |
| Oxygen carrying machines. Do not use the oxygen they transport. | RBCs |
| # of oxygen molecules a heme can carry | 4 oxygen molecules |
| Transports about 23% of the CO2 | Heme molecule |
| cellular oxygen deficiency | hypoxia |
| causes the kidney to speed up production of erythropoietin | Hypoxia |
| Large round cells that stain red with visible nucleus | Eosinophils |
| Large round cells that stain purple, nucleus is bi-lobed | Basophils |
| Nucleus usually has 5 lobes and the chromatin strands connecting the lobes is thin; stain purple | Neutrophils |
| T or F: All WBCs and all nucleated cells of the body possess major histocompatability antigens on their plasma membranes | True |
| A decrease in the # of WBCs | Leukopenia |
| process whereby wbcs stick to the endothelium then squeeze between the endothelial cells | Diapedesis/emigration |
| Contain many vesicles inside a plasma membrane but no nucleus | Blood platelets |
| Develop from myeloid stem cells under the hormone...thrombopoietin | blood plates/thrombocytes |
| A series of events which stop bleeding/hemorrhage | hemastosis |
| vascular spasm, platelet plug formation and blood clotting or coagulation | 3 mechanisms that reduce blood flow |
| 3 stages if clotting formation include the extrinsic, intrinsic and _______________ pathways | Common |
| Outside pathway that occurs in the blood and in the presence of Ca, tissue factors forms/ activates factor x | Extrinsic pathway |
| In the extrinsic pathway, Factor X in the presence of Ca activates and forms Factor ______ | Factor V |
| Factor V in the presence of Ca, forms and activates ________________. | Prothrombinase |
| Pathway that is eventually Factor XII activted | Intrinsic Pathway |
| Pathway that begins with the formation of Prothrombinase | Common Pathway |
| Thrombin + Calcium converts ___________________ to insoluble fibrin threads. | Fibrinogen |
| Helps to activate Factor XIII which serves to strengthen the fibrin and help form a strong blood clot. | Thrombin |
| T or F. Platelets also contribute to the building of a strong clot because the release some factor XIII when they are trapped in the clot | True |
| Can activate factor V and can cause platelets to congregate and to release phospholipids | 2 Positive feedback mechanisms for Thrombin |
| The formation of fibrin clot plugs the blood vessels or the tightening of the fibrin clot | Clot retraction |
Created by:
TutorDavis17
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