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Fetal Pig/Human sys.
Mr. Mathena's Semester 2 Anatomy Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Paired nares | (nostrils) take air into the sinuses for sensing and warming |
| tongue | highly manipulative, muscular structure used to aid eating with an attachment deep in the throat |
| sensory papillae | taste buds in these are responsible for the sensations associated with food ingestion: in humans, salt, sweet, sour, and bitter |
| hard palate | makes up the anterior part of the roof of the mouth; made of bone and covered with folds of mucous membrane; separates oral cavity from nasal cavities |
| soft palate | made by posterior continuation of mucous membrane; contains no bone |
| pharynx | located at the base of the tongue; junction of the passageways for food (esophagus) and air (trachea) |
| epiglottis | fold of skin that helps close trachea during swallowing |
| small intestine | 250 cm or nearly 6 feet long; where digestion of food and absorption of nutrients occurs |
| kidneys | lie below digestive organs, beneath peritoneum; responsible for extracting wastes and foreign substances from the blood stream; help with body fluid regulation and excretion of nitrogenous wastes like urea |
| gall bladder | stores bile |
| liver | secretes bile |
| diaphragm | a muscular membrane that separates the peritoneal cavity from the abdominal cavity |
| pyloric sphincter | round involuntary muscle that controls the movement of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine |
| renal blood vessels | veins carry filtered blood from kidneys to posterior vena cava; arteries carry unfiltered blood from aorta to kidneys and found beneath veins |
| ureters | hollow tubes that urine filtered from the blood by the kidneys passes through |
| rectum | stores feces |
| umbilical arteries | carry nutrients from the mother's placenta to the fetus |
| pancreas | responsible for production of enzymes used to digest food; the enzymes enter the small intestine through two ducts in the duodenum |
| mesentery | thin, transparent sheets of tissue that suspend and support the visceral organs |
| urinary bladder | where urine is stored |
| urethra | urine passes from the bladder to the outside through this |
| thymus | quite large in young pig to help establishment and maturation of the immune system; late in life, it decreases in size and becomes fairly unimportant |
| ovaries | contain all the developing eggs the female pig will ever have; produce estrogen and progesterone |
| oviducts (or fallopian tubes) | receive the egg from the ovaries at ovulation; cilia in the lining propel eggs to the horns of the uterus |
| uterus | fertilized eggs travel from oviducts into here for implantation; egg develops into a fetus here |
| penis | long muscular organ; most sexually sensitive area in the male; becomes stiff or erect when stimulated |
| testicles | packed with tightly coiled seminiferous tubules, where sperm production takes place; produce sex hormones like testosterone |
| epididymus | whitish mass of tightly coiled tubes cupped against testicles; acts as a storage place for sperm before they enter the vas deferentia |
| vas deferentia | tubes that carry sperm from the testes to the urethra |
| trachea | made up of supportive cartilage that ensures the airway remains open; carries air directly into the lungs |
| esophagus | tube that carries food from the mouth to the digestive tract |
| spleen | part of the immune system; filters out and destroys dead blood cells |
| circulatory system | responsible for the transportation of nutrients, gases, wastes, and hormones; also controls temperature, provides channels for the immune system to protect the body, and participates in the maintenance of body fluid homeostasis |
| coronary artery | vessel that supplies blood to the heart muscle to keep it alive |
| right atrium | deoxygenated blood returning from the extremities of the body flows into here |
| right ventricle | blood is pumped from right atrium into here |
| respiratory system | complex group of organs that removes carbon dioxide from the blood and replaces it with lungs |
| bronchi | what trachea first splits into |
| bronchioles | smaller and smaller tubes that the bronchi split into |
| alveoli | microscopic, thin-walled sacs |
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