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Unit 7 p4-6
| Term | Id |
|---|---|
| Max Planck and Quanta | -Studied the radiation of atoms -believed that atoms unevenly released radiation rather than steadily |
| Albert Einstein's E=mc2 | -Theory of Relativity said that time and space were dependent on matter -E=mc2 related particles to light velocity and mass, showing they're dependent -Lead to the "atomic age" |
| Friedrich Nietzsche's "slave morality" | -believed that Christians were "slaves" to the ideology of Christianity -Believed Christianity focused too much on the incorrect sides of life that held people back |
| Henri Bergson's "life force" | -Believed that life was the fusing together of multiple elements such as time and space -Believed reality can't be understood completely at once because there are too many different elements. |
| Sigmund Freud and pscychoanalysis | -Focused on hypnosis and dreams to analyze the brain -created idea of the ego, the id, and the superego |
| The ego, the id, and the superego | -The ID:the center of unconscious drives and pleasure -The ego: the logic center that must trump the pleasure of the Id in order to exist in society -The Superego: the morality center of the brain. |
| Social darwanism and Herbert Spencer | -Believed that society naturally evolves just like in evolution -said government should not interfere in this process |
| Houston Stewart Chamberlain | -Was racist due to foundation laid by nationalism -stated that the German Aryan race was superior to the the other races |
| Ernst renan's Life of Jesus | -a scholar who attempted to portray a historically representation of Jesus -said Jesus was a normal man |
| Emilie Zola and Leo Tolstoy | -Zola: a naturalist author who portrayed the struggles in urban life -Tolstoy:a naturalist author, writing "war and peace" telling a story, occurring during the Napoleonic warso |
| The symbolists | -anti-realism poets who rejected the real world and focused on symbols -believed there was no objective(definite truth), but only subjective(opinions and belief) |
| Impressionism | -art style going away from accuracy and harsh edges towards feeling -often had somewhat muddled paintings with some form of light defining the painting. |
| Camille Pissaro and Claude Monet | -Pissaro: one of impressionism's founders who helped show the importance of feeling over accuracy -Monet: most well known impressionist painter, enjoyed painting relationship between water, sky, and light |
| Post-Impressionism | -Similar to Impressionism, but embraced edges of objects along with colors -Turned away from objective to subjective |
| Paul Cezanne and Vincent van Gogh | -Cezanne: turned away from Impressionism to embrace underlying geometry of nature -van Gogh: believing painting should express ones emotions using color and such |
| George Eastman | -Producer of the first Kodak camera -camera made paintings move away from reflecting reality, since cameras could do it better |
| Pablo Picasso and Cubism | -used of geometric shapes to form a picture -first cubist, paved way for abstract art |
| Wassily kandinsky | -an abstract artist -painted "square with white border" hoping to avoid stances and only appeal to the soul |
| Igor Stravinsky's the rite of spring | -A Russian ballet seeking to imitate primitive/genuine feeling -the oddness of the piece caused audiences to riot |
| Reform Act of 1884 | -act passed in great Britain to give more widespread suffrage -gave vote to all men paying regular rent/taxes, adding 2 million (only male) voters |
| Irish Home Rule | -Act that would allow for the Irish to have their own parliament, while still submitting to the British -Attempted to be passed by and Irish member of Parliament, and the Liberal leader of parliament twice, but was voted down. |
| France's Third Republic | -A new republic created after the monarchists couldn't decide on a king -created as a temporary fix, but lasted 65 years |
| the Commune | -A revolutionary group of republicans against a monarchist majority -Revolution defeated by monarchists, who when not able to decide on a king, created the France's Third Republic |
| General Geroges Boulanger | -attractive candidate for those opposed to the third republic -sissied out, which strengthened republican movement |
| the Reichstag | -The lower house of German parliament elected by universal male suffrage -Seen as the voice of the lower class and threat to middle and upper class |
| Kulturkampf | -Otto von Bismark's attack on the Catholic Church -joined by middle class who distrusted catholic loyalty to Germany |
| Bismark's welfare legislation | -enacted to bribe workers away from socialism -very progressive social security system included |
| William II | -Dismissed Otto von Bismark after he planned to repress workers further -Wanted to pursued his own policies |
| Magyarization | -an attempt by the Hungarian side of Austria-Hungary to keep their side unified -made the language of the Maygars the Hungarian language |
| Alexander III and Nicholas II | -Alex: tried strictly enforced laws against liberalism and democrats Nick: Tried to continue dad's policies, but was too behind the times |
| Russification | -Made Russian the only language in order to unify Russia under Alex's rule -Only made the other nationalities try harder to revolt and rise up |
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