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Pharmacology Intro
Pharmacology Introduction
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pharmacology- | is the study of source, nature, chemistry, preparation, uses, action and properties of drugs and their effects on living organisms. |
| Pharmaceuticals (medical drugs)- | prevent, diagnose, treat diseases, and to relieve pain. |
| Drug- | A substance or biologic that can affect the structure or function of the body and is maintained by an official pharmacopoeia or formulary |
| Medicinal Chemistry | New drug synthesis |
| Chemotherapy | Study of drugs that destroy microorganisms, parasites or malignant cells |
| Toxicology | Study of harmful effect of drugs and chemicals on the body |
| Pharmacokinetics | Mathematical description of drug disposition over time |
| Pharmacodynamics | Study of drug effects on the body, including the bodily absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs |
| Molecular pharmacology | Interaction of drugs and subcellular entities |
| Medicines (drugs)- | prevent, diagnose, and treat diseases, and to relieve pain |
| (Drugs) Derived from- | plants, animals, or synthesized in the lab. |
| (Drugs) Distribution- | regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Prescription medications Over-the-counter (OTC) medications |
| Chemical Name- | the chemical, molecular, or elemental make-up of the drug (e.g.. N-acetyl-para-aminophenol) Rarely used |
| Generic Name- | derived from the chemical name and usually starts with a lower case letter. (e.g.. acetaminophen) Can be used by any company |
| Brand or Trade Name- | This means the drug has a proprietary, trademark-protected name or registered brand name which usually starts with a capital letter in medical documents. (e.g. Tylenol®) Property of the company that owns the name |
| Look-Alike Sound Alike (LASA) Drug Names | Drug names that look similar in appearance or have spelling similarities, and/or similar in sound, but have different indications (Tall Man Lettering) |
| Banthine | ulcer treatment |
| Brethine | asthma treatment |
| Capitrol | antifungal shampoo |
| captopril | lowers blood pressure |
| desipramine | antidepressant |
| deserpidine | lowers blood pressure |
| Procan | heart medicine |
| procaine | an anesthetic |
| Xanax | anxiety reducer |
| Zantac | ulcer treatment |
| hydralazine | lowers blood pressure |
| hydroxyzine | prevents itching |
| Pharmacodynamics- | Biochemical and physiological effects of drugs on the body, or on microorganisms or parasites within or on the body (e.g. absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) |
| Drugs interact with a receptor (s) or target substance (s) to deliver .... | a response (desired and beneficial effect on the body) and are chemically changed in the body (biotransformation) |
| Tolerance- | drugs effect diminish over time e.g. morphine |
| Addiction- | dependence psychologically and physiologically to the drug |
| Contraindications- | use of a drug is dangerous and ill advised |
| Resistance- | the lack of beneficial response |
| Drug abuse - | use of any drug in a way that deviates from the manner in which it was prescribed |
| Drug overdoses- | any drug taken that exceeds the optimal dose |
| Drug underdosing- | taking less of a medication than is prescribed |
| Idiosyncratic responses | unpredictable drug toxicity |
| Influencing Factors of Idiosyncratic Responses: | body weight and composition age diet and nutrition ethnicity genetics pathophysiology immunity psychology environment |
| Chronobiology - | study of body rhythms |
| Chrono pharmacology- | study of the effect of such rhythms on the effectiveness of drugs |
| Pharmacokinetics - | describes what the body does to the drug. |
| Drug Interactions- | Occur when one drug interacts with another drug you are taking or when your medications interact with what you eat or drink. |
| Adverse Reactions- | are any harmful, unintended effect of a medication in normal therapeutic use and that causes significant, sometimes life-threatening conditions |
| Additive Action (1+1 = 2)- | combination of two drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each |
| Antagonistic (1 + 1 = 0)- | drugs have less than an additive effect. |
| Synergistic (1 + 1 = 5)- | drugs cause an effect greater than the sum of the individual effects of the drugs |
| Potentiation (a + b = B)- | drug a enhances the effect of drug b into capital B or substantially increases the action of drug B. |
| Allergy (hypersensitivity)- | can range from a simple skin rash or itch (urticaria) to a life-threatening anaphylaxis, which may include angioedema, vascular collapse, shock, and respiratory distress |
| Anaphylactic shock- | can cause death |
| Anaphylaxis- | exaggerated hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered drug or foreign protein. |
| Drug toxicity- | poisonous and potentially dangerous effects of drugs. (e.g.. idiosyncrasy) |
| Iatrogenic- | effect caused by treatment |
| Adverse reactions- | harmful, unexpected reactions to a drug. |
| Side effects- | reactions to or the consequence of taking a particular medication |
Created by:
wallace263
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