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blood
test 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| formed elements | erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets |
| plasma | extracellular matrix, water, many proteins, ions, nutrients, wastes, hormones |
| blood | specialized connective tissue with a pH of 7.35-7.45 (slightly basic) |
| primary function of erythrocytes | transport oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| erythrocytes | cytoplasm full of hemoglobin; biconcave disks; no nucleus; survive 4 months |
| hemoglobin | 4 large globin proteins; each surrounding an ion-containing Heme group |
| hemopoiesis | blood formation |
| hemocytoblast | stem cell that all blood cells (RBC & WBC) develop from |
| erythropoiesis | erythrocyte formation; occurs in bone marrow |
| erythropoietin | regulates erythropoiesis; produced by kidneys |
| antigens | specific glucoproteins that are responsible for blood types; immune system will fight and destroy if the wrong antigen (blood type) enters the body's blood system |
| agglutinate | erythrocytes stick together as a reaction to an incompatible blood type enters system |
| leukocytes | monocytes, lymphocytes; neutrophils; basophils; eosinophils; all formed in bone marrow; nucleus; use blood as highway to get somewhere else |
| leukocyte function | engulfing invading organisms and debris; kill invading cells; produce antibodies; secrete chemicals which activate other immune cells; secrete chemicals that promote inflammation |
| granular leukocytes | abundant, distinct granules; nucleus of each type also has a characteristic shape; neutrophils; basophils; eosinophils |
| neutrophils | most abundant granular leukocytes in the blood; has up to 4 nucleus lobes; polymorphonuclear; stain weakly with both acidic and basic stains |
| eosinophils | 1-4% of leukocytes in the blood; nucleus is indented or bilobed; stain orange or red; will fight parasitic infection |
| basophils | least common leukocytes; basic stain- hematoxylin, blue/purple stain; indented or bilobed nucleus; outside of circulation- mast cells |
| agranular leukocytes | no granules in the cell; lymphocytes & monocytes; nucleus has characteristic shape and density |
| monocytes | 4-8% of leukocytes; nucleus indented, may be kidney shaped; stains blue; cytoplasm is abundant; outside of circulation- macrophages |
| lymphocytes | 20-40% of leukocytes; nucleus usually spherical, may be slightly indented; stains blue; varying amounts of cytoplasm |
| diapedesis | how leukocytes leave and enter the blood vessels |
| platelets | clotting blood when vessels are injured; fragments of larger cells, megakaryocytes |
| hemostasis | blood flow through a damaged vessel must stop; blood vessel repair; vasopasm, platelet plug, fibrin blood clot |
| vasopasm | narrowing of the vessel reduces the flow of blood near the injury |
| platelet plug | platelets attach to each other and to the injured part of the blood vessel |
| fibrin blood clot | involves a series of chemical reactions; positive feedback; fibrinogen reacts with thrombin to make fibrin |
| fibrinolysis | process that dissolves and removes the blood clot |
| plasmin | dissolves fibrin |
Created by:
shill14
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