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Blood
Phleb I Chp 9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| formed elements of blood | RBC, WBC, platelets |
| erythrocyte | RBC |
| leukocyte | WBC |
| thrombocyte | platelet |
| hematology | study of blood and blood forming tissues |
| hematology tests | supply information about a pt's state of health |
| arteries | carrie oxygenated blood away from heart, branch into smaller vessels called arterioles, have thick walls for high pressure, have pulse, blood is bright red in color |
| oxyhemoglobin | makes blood bright red b/c its oxygenated |
| largest artery in body | aorta |
| veins | carries deoxygenated blood towards the heart, branch into smaller vessels called venules, have valves to prevent back flow, thin elastic "bouncy" walls, blood is dark red |
| capillaries | microscopic vessels that act as bridge between arterioles and venules, so small only one blood cell may pass at a time, blood is mixture of arterial and venous blood, walls are permeable |
| permeable | to pass through |
| blood | life giving fluid of the body |
| average amount of pints of blood in adult | 8-10 |
| average amount of liters of blood in adult | 5-6 |
| where is blood flitered | through kidneys |
| homeostasis | overall balance in the body |
| heomstasis | stoppage of blood (clotting) |
| phlebotomy | surgical incision of a vein |
| venipunture | surgical puncture of a vein |
| four functions of blood | transportation, disbursement, regulation, hemostatis |
| blood function: transportation | transports O2 from lungs to tissues and organs, transports CO2 from tissues to lungs |
| blood function: disbursement | distributes waste (digestive), antibodies (immune), nutrients (digestive) and hormones (endocrine) WANH |
| blood function: regulation | regulates body temp, pH and electrolytes (in kidney) |
| how does blood regulate body temperature | vessels constrict (vasoconstriction) to keep blood warm and dilate (vasodialation) to cool body down |
| blood function: hemostasis | stoppage of blood - formation of blood clots to prevent bleeding - platelets aggregate and form platelet plugs |
| two parts of blood | plasma and formed elements |
| plasma | straw colored liquid portion of blood, 90% water and 10% dissolved solutes |
| what are some of the dissolved solutes of plasma | H2O, hormones, amino acids, nutrients, electrolytes, waste, antibodies, glucose, lipids, proteins (albumin, prothrombin, fibrinogen), |
| serum | liquid portion after clotting |
| what are the steps of coagulation cascade (clotting) | platelets aggregate and form plugs, factors start to activate (thromboplastin released), calcium binds, prothrombin converts to thrombin, fibrinogen converts to fibrin |
| what does the buffy coat contain | WBC and platelets |
| what is hemopoesis or hematopoieisis | formation and development of blood cells |
| where does hemopoesis take place | in bone marrow with a single stem cell |
| hemocytoblast | a non-differentiated stem cell that over time will mature and take on characteristics of a specific cell type (ie RBC, WBC, platelets) |
| what is the shape of a RBC | biconcave disk |
| where is hemoglobin located | surface of RBC |
| what does hemoglobin contain | combination of protein and iron |
| erythroblast | immature RBC with a nucleus |
| reticulocyte | immature RBC without a nucleus |
| where are WBCs and RBCs destroyed | liver, spleen, bone marrow |
| where are RBCs produced | bone marrow |
| what is the importance of hemoglobin | binds with O2 on the surface of the RBC |
| how does sickle cell or thalassemia affect the ability of RBC to do its job | RBC shape is deformed so there is not enough surface area to carry O2 and hemoglobin (which is made up of iron and protein) |
| erythropoietin | hormone synthesized mainly in kidney that forms RBC and releases into bloodstream - stimulates bone marrow to make RBCs |
| what are the vital minerals and vitamins for production of RBCs | iron, B12, folate |
| REF | renal erythoropoietic factor - kidney + pertaining to formation of RBC |
| where are RBCs form in fetus | liver |
| lifespan of RBC | 120 days |
| normal range of RBCs in female and male | female = 4- 5.5 million male = 4.5 - 6 million |
| average WBC count | 4,500 - 11,000 |
| function of WBCs | defense |
| two types of WBCs | agranulocyte, granulocyte |
| agranulocyte | WBC without granules - lymphocyte, monocyte - in all lymphatic tissue |
| granulocyte | WBC with granules - neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils - in bone marrow |
| lifespan of WBC | 1 day - 1 year depending on their job |
| neutrophils | "first responders" that phagocytize or destroy bacteria - make up majority of WBCs (granulocyte) |
| eosinophils | WBCs that help destroy parasites (granulocyte) |
| basophils | WBCs that secrete heparin (anticoagulant) and histimine (granulocyte) |
| lymphocytes | WBCs produced in bone marrow and lymphoid tissues - incresses with viral infections T-cells, B-cells, NK-cells (agranulocyte) |
| monocytes | transforms into macrophage when move from circulatory to tissue space |
| diapedsis | process of monocyte transforming into macrophage |
| platelets | smallest of blood cells, fragmentized by megakaryocyte, contains thromboplastin which triggers clotting process |
| platelet formation and destruction | formed in bone marrow, destroyed in spleen |
| lifespan of platelets | 9-12 days |
| average amount of platelets | 250,000 - 500,000 |
| function of platelet | hemostasis or forms platelet plugs |
| WBC differential | differentiates each WBC so you can determine how many of each |
| morphology | study of shape/size |
| polycythemia | condition of too many RBCs |
| thrombocytopenia | deficiency or decrease in platelets |
| pulse sites | temporal, dorsalis pedis, carotid, brachial, radial, ulnar, femoral, popliteal, tibial, apical pulse |
Created by:
gcjlentz
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