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respiration
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what happens during external exchanges of gases | oxygen diffuses from air sacs into blood and CO2 diffuses out to be eliminated |
| where are the vocal cords contained | larynx |
| what forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum | vomer |
| the most superior portion of the pharynx | nasopharynx |
| epiglottis | leaf shaped cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing |
| the trachia is surrounded by what | cartilage |
| what are bronchioles | microscopic branch of a bronchus |
| what are alveoli | clusters of tiny air sacs where most gas exchange takes place |
| what is the continous double sac that covers the lung | pleura |
| where is the plueral space located | between 2 layers of plura |
| what is the portion of the pleura that is attached to the chest wall | parietal pleura |
| what is the active phase of breathing | inhalation |
| what muscle contracts during pulomonary ventilation | diaphragm |
| what muscle contracts during forced exhalation | inner intercostals,muscles of the abdominal wall |
| tidal volume | the ammount of air moved into or out of the lungs in quiet relaxed breathing |
| by what process do oxygen and carbon dioxide move in and out of the blood | diffusion |
| almost all of the oxygen that diffuses into the capillary blood in the lungs binds to what in the red blood cells | hemoglobin |
| the majority of carbon dioxide is transported as what kind of ion | bicarbonate ion |
| what nerve stimulates the diaphragm | phrenic nerve |
| the presence of what ion stimulates the central chemoreceptors | hydrogen ion |
| in what 2 places are the peripheral chemoreceptors that regulate respiration found | carotid and the aortic bodies |
| hypocapnia | an increase in the oxygen level,decrease in the carbon dioxide level caused by hyperventilation |
| what is the result of hypovenilation | a raise in CO2 concentration in the blood, leading to a drop in PH |
| tachypnea | excessive rate of breathing that may be normal,excerise |
| apnea | temporary cessation of breathing |
| orthopnea | difficulty of breathing that is releived by sitting in a upright position |
| which form of altered breathing will result in the greatest increase in blood acidity | apnea |
| hypoxemia | lower than normal oxygen level in a arterial blood |
| polyps | protruding growth from a mucous membrane, chronic sinus infections that cause changes in the epithelial cells |
| acute coryza | common cold,an example of a upper respiratory infection |
| what are some symptoms of croup,and what age does it effect | children under 3,loud barking cough,wheezing,horseness,difficulty breathing |
| what is the term for the fluid that accumulates in the effected aveoli of pneumonia paitents | exudate |
| medical term for hay fever | allergic rhinitis |
| COPD | chronic obstruction pulmonary disease |
| what occurs in chronic bronchitis | airway linings are chronicly inflammed and produce excessive secretions |
| In emphysema, what structures are dialated and finally destroyed | alveoli |
| In premature new borns, what may result from insufficient production of surfactant by immature lungs | atelectasis (collapsed lung) |
| Bronchogenic carcinoma is a form of what type of cancer | lung cancer |
| what is pneumonectomy | complete removal of the lung |
| what is pneumothorax | accumulation of air in the pleural space |
| in what process is a large bore needle inserted between ribs and the pleural space to remove fluid | thoracentesis |
| what is bronchoscope | rigid or flexible tubular instrument used for inspection of the primary bronchi and the larger bronchial tubes |
| tracheostomy | tube inserted into the trachea,and acts as a artifical airwayfor ventilation |
| tracheotomy | incision of the trachea |
| when is artificial respiration used | when a patient has temporarily lost the capacity to perform the normal motions of respiration |
| what is the adams apple formed by | thyroid cartilage |
| what is vital capacity | the volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs by maximum exhalation after maximum inhalation |
Created by:
cornejo
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