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Unit 3
Gov.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Federalism | The division of power between federal (national), state, and local levels |
| Sovereignty | The ultimate authority to govern |
| Enumerated Powers | 17 powers specifically granted to national govt. by constitution |
| Implied powers | Not listed, but assumed |
| Necessary and proper clause (aka Elastic clause) | Allows congress to stretch their power |
| Concurrent power | Shared by national and state govt. (power to tax) |
| Reserved powers | Granted to state if not in constitution |
| Arguments in favor of federalism | Protects liberty and strengthens the union |
| Mcculloch vs. Maryland | Chief justice john marshall ruled that bank was constitutional and that states couldn't tax it to destroy it (first major victory of national govt.) |
| Doctrine of nullification | Assertion that states could nullify a national law |
| The Dred Scott Case | Declared slaves were property and could never be citizens. Also invalidate Missouri Compromise |
| Dual Federalism | The separation of state power from federal power |
| 14th Amendment | Prohibited states from depriving any person life, liberty, or property or denying any person the equal protection of the law |
| Plessy vs. Ferguson | Declared segregation legal if "separate but equal" |
| Laissez-faire capitalism | Declared corporations "people" protected by the 14th amendment (govt. had little power to regulate corporations) |
| Brown vs. Board | Declared segregation illegal |
| Fiscal Federalism | Expenditure of federal funds on programs run through states and cities |
| Grants-in-aid | Money given to states for projects that often require matching state money and adherence to federal plan |
| Initiative | pProcess that permits voters to put legislative measures directly on the ballot |
| Referendum | Procedure enabling voters to vote on a measure passed or proposed by the state legislature |
| Recall | Election where voters can remove an elected official from office |
| Categorical Grant | Money to states and cities than can only be used for designated projects |
| Block Grants | Money that states can spend more generally |
| Unfunded mandates | When states had to spend on things but were given no money to do it |
Created by:
KayleemWhite
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