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Special Senses
A&P II Ch 14
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| tinnitus | ringing in the ear - sign of injury |
| vertigo | sensation of spinning - disturbance of equilibrium |
| presbycusis | loss of hearing due to aging |
| myringoplasty | surgical removal of tympanic membrane |
| labyrinthitis | inflammation of inner ear |
| blepharoptosis | eyelid closes as a result of weakened muscle |
| optician | fills RXs for glasses and contact lenses - not an MD |
| conjunctivitis | pink eye - inflammation of conjuctiva (mucous membrane) |
| ophthalmologist | MD - total eye care |
| glaucoma | increase of intraocular pressure - damages optic nerve - blindness |
| stapedectomy | micro-surgical removal of the stapes |
| Rhinne test | examination that compares bone conduction and air conduction in an individual - tuning fork |
| electroretinogram | recording of the changes in the electrical potential of the retina after the stimulation of light |
| myringotomy | surgical incision into tympanic membrane |
| electronystagmography | group of tests used in evaluating the vestiulo-ocular reflex |
| tonometry | test determines intraocular pressure (air puff) |
| funduscopy | examination of the fundus of the eye |
| laser iridectomy | creating several small openings in the iris to allow aqueous humor to flow to the anterior chamber from the posterior chamber |
| photo-refractive keratectomy | shaving a few layers of the corneal surface to reduce myopia |
| impacted cerumen | accumulation of waxlike secretions in the external ear - may cause hearing loss |
| mastoiditis | inflammatory process that is typically an acute expansion of the middle ear infection |
| hyperopia | farsightedness - refractive error resulting in impaired close vision |
| myopia | nearsightedness - refractive error resulting in impaired distant vision |
| blepharotosis | drooping of the upper eyelid |
| cataract | vision loss due to clouding of lens |
| diabetic retinopathy | scarring of the retinal capillaries and leakage of blood - decline in sharpness of vision |
| keratitis | inflammation of cornea |
| Meniere's | chronic disease of inner ear characterized by vertigo, hearing loss, fullness in ear and tinnitus |
| ostoclerosis | hearing loss due to the footplate of the stapes becoming immobile and secured to oval window |
| astigmatism | refractive error causing light rays entering eye to be focused irregularly due to abnormally shaped cornea |
| blepharitis | inflammation of eyelid margins |
| chalazion | cyst or nodule on the eyelid |
| ectropion | turning out of the eyelashes |
| hordeolum | stye - bacterial infection of an eyelash follicle or sebaceous gland |
| nystagmus | involuntary movement of the eyes |
| sclera | white outer covering that surrounds eyeball - maintains shape and protects the eyeball |
| iris | colored portion of the eye |
| pupil | in center of the iris that controls amount of light entering the eye |
| conjunctiva | thin, transparent tissue that covers outer surface of the eye |
| lacrimal gland | upper outer edge of the eye - produces tears |
| lacrimal duct | where tears drain from the eye |
| inner canthus | aka medial canthus - where lacrimal/tear duct is located |
| cornea | transparent, non vascular layer covering the colored part of the eye |
| choroid | layer beneath the sclera - contains extensive capillaries that provide blood supply and nutrients to eye |
| lens | colorless biconvex structure that aids in focusing |
| ciliary body | secretes aqueous humor |
| suspensory ligaments | attach to lens and hold it in place - help in focusing |
| retina | third innermost layer - nerve layer that changes the energy of light rays into nerve impulses |
| cones | responsible for visualizing colors, central vision and vision in bright light |
| rods | responsible for vision in dim light and peripheral vision |
| optic nerve | impulses from retina are transmitted through this nerve to the brain |
| optic disc | "blind spot" - contains no rods or cones |
| aqueous humor | clear watery fluid of anterior and posterior chamber |
| vitreous humor | clear jellylike substance that gives shape to the eyeball located in posterior cavity |
| mydriatic | agent that causes the pupil to dilate |
| miotic | agent that causes the pupil to constrict |
| presbyopia | occurs after age 40 - loss of close vision due to loss of elasticity (hyperopia after 40) |
| strabismus | failure of eyes to gaze in same direction due to muscle weakness - convergent strabismus = crosseye, divergent strabismus = walleye |
| ambiopia | aka diplopia - double vision |
| amblyopia | reduced vision that is not correctable with lenses - dullness or dimness of vision |
| three section of ear | external, middle, inner |
| external ear | visible portion - contains auricle (pinna) & external auditory canal |
| middle ear | contains three bones known as the auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes), the eustachian tube and oval window |
| malleus | hammer shaped bone of middle ear - connected to tympanic membrane and transmits sound vibrations to incus |
| incus | anvil shaped - transmits sound vibrations from malleus to stapes |
| stapes | shaped like a tiny stirrup - transmits sound vibrations from incus to inner ear |
| eustachian tube | connects middle ear to the pharynx |
| oval window | separates middle ear from inner ear - base of stapes fits in oval window |
| inner ear | mazelike structure consisting of bony and membranous structures which are surrounded by fluid |
| membranous structures of inner ear | utricle and saccule, cochlear duct, membranes of semicircular canals |
| vestibule | central portion of inner ear - contains utricle and saccule - sacs that aid in maintaining balance |
| cochlea | snail-shaped bony structure - houses the organ of Corti = "true organ of hearing" |
| semicircular canals | located in inner ear - located behind vestibule - three bony fluid filled loops that help maintain balance |
| bony structures of the inner ear | vestibule, cochlea, semicircular canal |
| ophthalmoscopy | examination of external and internal structures of eye using an ophthalmoscope |
| pathway of sound vibrations | pinna, external auditory canal, tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes, oval window, cochlea, organ of corti, auditory nerve fibers, cerebral cortex |
| otitis media | inflammation of middle ear |
| otitis external | swimmer's ear - inflammation of outer ear |
| mastoiditis | inflammation of mastoid process |
| audiometry | process of measuring how well one hears at various frequencies |
| otoscope | instrument used to examine ear |
| Weber test | evaluates auditory acuity to determine if hearing deficit is conductive or sensorineural loss - using a tuning fork |
| papilledema | swelling of the optic disc |
| otaglia | earache |
| organ of corti | true organ of hearing |
Created by:
gcjlentz
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