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Senses
Sense Vocab Chapter 14
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Olfactory Nerve Receptors | located at the roof of the nasal cavity, have long cilia and are coated with mucus, send impulses to the temporal lobe of the brain |
| Olfaction | also known as olfactics, is the sense of smell. |
| Gustation | sense of taste |
| Tongue | covered in projections called papillae |
| Taste Buds | found on the sides of papillae |
| Four Types of Taste Buds | Bitter, Sour, Salty, Sweet |
| Levator Palpebrae Superioris Muscle | opens the eye by raising the superior eyelid |
| Orbicularis Oculi | facial muscle; closes the eye |
| Tears | lubricate eyes; contain bacteriolytic lysozyme enzyme; contain salt and gamma globulin |
| Conjunctiva | thin muscous membrane that lines the interior surface of the eyelid and the sclera |
| Sclera | outermost layer of the eyeball, "white of the eye" |
| Medial Cantus | superior and inferior eyelids meet here; just lateral to the nose |
| Lateral Canthus | corner of each eye |
| Nerves that control eye muscles | Abducens, Occulomotor, Trochlear |
| Lateral and Medial Rectus | move the eye side-to-side |
| Superior and Inferior Rectus | raise and lower the eye vertically |
| Inferior and Superior Oblique | raise and lower the eye diagonally |
| Lacrimal Glands | produce tears to moisten eyes and clear foreign material |
| Lacrimal Canals | where tears are drained and empty into the nasal cavity |
| Cornea | transparent, allows light to pass through, protects the front of the eye, can easily repair itself; focuses light onto the retina; covers iris and pupil |
| Choroid | thin, dark layer of tissue that prevents light from scattering inside the eye, "red eye" in photos |
| Ciliary Body | smooth muscle attached to lens |
| Iris | a pigmented layer that can expand and contract to control the amount of light that enters the eye |
| Pupil | transparent center of the iris |
| Retina | back of eyeball; contains all the receptor neurons; receives visual info from cornea and lens, then sends it to optic nerve |
| Rods | neurons that detect light |
| Cones | neuron that detect color |
| Aqueous Humour | between cornea and lens; fluid provides nutrients to the cells of the cornea and ensures the cornea is fully inflated |
| Vitreous Humour | thicker gel found between lens and retina; the mass keeps the main body of the eye inflated and holds the retinal tissue in place |
| Pathway of Vision | cornea, aqueous humour, pupil, lens and the vitreous humour to the retina |
| Fovea Centralis | a small depression near the center of the retina, constituting the area of most acute vision |
| Colorblindness | X-chromosome recessive trait that causes a lack of one or more type of cones; most common is red-green deficiency |
| Ishihara Test | test to check for colorblindness |
| Equilibrium | balance |
| Auricle | external, visible, flexible part of outer ear |
| External Auditory Meatus | part of outer ear, lined with hair and ceruminous glands |
| Tympanic Membrane | vibrates in response to sound; "ear drum"; ends at the auditory canal |
| Pinna | external structure of ear; collects sound waves, like a funnel |
| Auditory Canal | is a narrow passageway through the temporal bone of the skull; lined with ceruminous glands that produce ear wax |
| Auditory Ossicles | are three bones of middle ear (malleus, incus and stapes); transmit sounds from the air to the fluid-filled labyrinth (cochlea). |
| Eustachian Tube | connects the middle ear chamber to the throat; equalizes pressure when yawning or chewing; "Popping" sensation in the ear |
| Cochlea | the spiral cavity of the inner ear containing the organ of Corti, which produces nerve impulses in response to sound vibrations |
| Malleous | a small bone in the middle ear that transmits vibrations of the eardrum to the incus |
| Stapes | a small stirrup-shaped bone in the middle ear, transmitting vibrations from the incus to the inner ear; also called stirrup |
| Organ of Corti | receptor organ for hearing; body's microphone; consisting of neuroepithelial hair cells |
| Tinnitis | "ringing of the ears"; caused when the cilia are constantly stimulated |
| Endolymph | the fluid in the membranous labyrinth of the ear |
| Lens | structure inside your eye that changes shape as you focus on objects; along with the cornea it focuses light onto the retina |
| Optic Nerve | receives visual info from the retina and cornea, then carries that info to brain |
| Nearsightedness (Myopia) | common condition; faraway objects appear blurry; eye focuses light in front of retina instead onto it; eyeball is a little too long and cornea is too rounded |
| Farsightedness (Hyperopia) | close-up vision is blurry; flat cornea, eyeball is shorter than normal; light is focused behind retina instead of on it |
| Presbyopia | condition associated with aging of the eye; results in progressively worsening ability to focus clearly on close objects; hardening of the lens; eyestrain |
| Astigmatism | a genetic defect; blurred vision due to the inability of eye to focus a point object into a sharp focused image on the retina |
| Corneal Astigmatism | cornea is misshapen |
| Lenticular Astigmatism | lens is misshapen |
| Astigmatism Symptoms | blurred vision at all distances, impaired night vision, eyestrain, squinting, eye irritation, headaches |
| Astigmatism Treatment | glasses or contacts; Orthokeratoloy; laser surgery |
| Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye) | causes inflammation and redness of the membranes inside the eyes; viruses, bacterial infections, allergies, or chemical agents are causes |
| Blepharitis (Eyelid Inflammation) | eyelids become red, irritated and itchy and dandruff-like scales form on the eyelashes; caused by either bacteria or a skin condition, such as dandruff of the scalp or acne rosacea. |
| Keratitis | the cornea becomes inflamed; moderate to intense pain; causes: viral, bacterial, fungal, amoebic, parasitic |
| Scleritis | a serious inflammatory disease that affects the white outer coating of the eye, (sclera); often contracted through association with other diseases of the body, such as granulomatosis with polyangiitis or rheumatoid arthritis |
| Uveitis | inflammation of the uvea, the pigmented layer that lies between the inner retina and the outer fibrous layer composed of the sclera and cornea; requires urgent treatment |
| Uvea | consists of the middle layer of pigmented vascular structures of the eye and includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid |
| Cornea Abrasion | a minor scratch on cornea; most heal quickly; if infected can also become a corneal ulcer |
| Glaucoma | a group of eye diseases; result in damage to the optic nerve and vision loss; most common is open-angle glaucoma; less common is closed-angle glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma; Tonometry to diagnose |
| Intraocular Pressure (IOP) | is the fluid pressure inside the eye |
| Tonometry | the procedure performed to determine the intraocular pressure (IOP), the fluid pressure inside the eye; test for risk from glaucoma. |
| Cataract | a clouding of the lens in the eye leading to a decrease in vision; risks: DM, HTN, FH, Obesity, Smoking, etc |
| Subcapsular Cataract | occurs at the back of the lens; people with diabetes or those taking high doses of steroids are at greater risk |
| Nuclear Cataract | forms deep in the central zone (nucleus) of the lens; nuclear cataracts usually are associated with aging |
| Cortical Cataract | chara. by white, wedge-like opacities that start in the periphery of the lens and work their way to the center in a spoke-like fashion; occurs in the lens cortex |
| Diabetic Retinopathy | ocular manifestation of diabetes; result of damage to the small blood vessels and neurons of the retina; can eventually lead to blindness |
| Hypertensive Retinopathy | damage to the retina and retinal circulation due to HTN; most patients have no symptoms; some may report blurred vision or headaches |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) | leading cause of vision loss, blurred or no vision in the center of the visual field; caused by deterioration of the central portion of the retina; incurable; risks: Genetics, Race, Smoking |
| Conductive Hearing Loss | when hearing loss is due to problems with the ear canal, ear drum, or middle ear and its little bones (the malleus, incus, and stapes) |
| Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL) | when hearing loss is due to problems of the inner ear, also known as nerve-related hearing loss |
| Mixed Hearing Loss | refers to a combination of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss. This means that there may be damage in the outer or middle ear and in the inner ear (cochlea) or auditory nerve |
| Conductive Hearing Loss Causes | fluid in middle ear fro colds, ear infection, allergies, impacted earwax, Otosclerosis, benign tumors, perforated eardrum |
| Sensorineural Hearing Loss Causes | head trauma, virus or disease, aging, Meniere's Disease, FH, Otosclerosis, exposure to loud noise, malformation of inner ear |
| Irreversible Sensorineural Hearing Loss | the most common form of hearing loss, may be managed with hearing aids; can be surgically treated with cochlear implants |
| Otitis Externa (OE) | "Swimmer's Ear", inflammation or infection of the external auditory canal; pain |
| Otitis Media (OM) | group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear; most common cause is dysfunction of the Eustachian Tube |
| Acute Otitis Media (AOM) | is a painful type of ear infection; occurs when the area behind the eardrum called the middle ear becomes inflamed and infected |
| Otitis Media with Effusion (OME) | when the middle part of your ear fills with fluid |
| Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) | middle ear inflammation of greater than two weeks that results in episodes of discharge from the ear |
| Mastoiditis | it is an inflammation of the mucosal lining of the mastoid antrum and mastoid air cell system inside the mastoid process. |
| Mastoid Process | the portion of the temporal bone of the skull that is behind the ear |
| Labyrinthitis | also known as vestibular neuritis; inflammation of the inner ear; causes severe vertigo |
| Prochlorperazine | commonly prescribed medication to help alleviate the symptoms of vertigo and nausea |
| Meniere's Disease | disorder of the inner ear that is chara. by episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, and a fullness in the ear; last from 20 mins to few hours; no cure , just symptom management |
| Corneal Transplant | surgical transplantation of a donor cornea (cadaver's) into the eye of a recipient, often under general anesthesia |
| Electronystagmography | a group of tests used in evaluating the vestibule-ocular reflex |
| Electroretinogram (ERG) | a recording of the changes in the electrical potential of the retina after the stimulation of light; useful in evaluating for retinal disease |
| Extracapsular Cataract Extraction | surgical removal of the anterior segment of the lens capsule along with the lens, allowing for insertion of an intraocular lens implant |
| Fluorescein Staining | used to visualize corneal abrasion |
| Gonioscopy | process of viewing the anterior chamber angle of the eye for evaluation, management and classification of normal and abnormal angle structures |
| Iridectomy | extraction of a small segment of the iris; used in treatment of closed-angle glaucoma |
| Keratoplasty | transplantation of corneal tissue from one human eye to another to improve vision in the affected eye; also called corneal grafting |
| Laser in the Situ Keartomileusis (LASIK) | form of laser vision correction for nearsightedness (myopia) |
| Opthalmoscopy | examination of the external and internal structures the eye with an opthalmoscope |
| Pachymetry | measurement of the thickness of the cornea |
| Phacoemulsification | method of removing a lens by using ultrasound vibrations to split up the lens material into tiny particles that can be suctioned out of the eye |
| Photo-Refractive Keratectomy | surgical procedure; few layers of corneal surface cells are shaved off by an excimer laser beam to flatten the cornea and reduce myopia |
| Retinal Photocoagulation | surgical procedure; uses an argon laser to treat glaucoma, retinal detachment and diabetic retinopathy |
| Slit-Lamp Exam | also known as Biomicroscopy; used to examine the eyelids, sclera, conjunctiva, iris, lens, cornea, fluids, membranes and retina |
| Trabeculectomy | surgical excision of the portion of corneoscleral tissue to decrease the intraocular pressure in persons with glaucoma |
| Trabeculoplasty | surgical creation of a permanent fistula used to drain fluid from the eye's anterior chamber |
| Vitrectomy | surgical removal of the vitreous gel from the middle of the eye to repair retinal detachment |
| OD | right eye (ocular dexter) |
| OS | left eye (ocular sinister) |
| Audiometry | process of measuring how well an individual hears various frequencies of sound waves |
| Nasal Endoscopy | viewing the inside of the nose and sinuses with an endoscope |
| Otoscopy | use of an otoscope to view and examine the tympanic membrane and various parts of the outer ear |
| Otoplasty | Removal of a portion of ear cartilage to bring the pinna and auricle near the head; used in plastic surgery |
| Stapedectomy | microsurgical removal of the stapes diseased by otosclerosis |
| Myringotomy with Tubes | surgical procedure with insertion of a small ventilation tube introduced into the inferior segment of the tympanic membrane |
| Myringoplasty | surgical repair of the tympanic membrane with a tissue graft after a spontaneous rupture that results in hearing loss; also called a tympanoplasty |
| Tympanoplasty | surgical repair of the bones of the middle ear |
| EENT | EARS, EYES, NOSE and THROAT |
| SOM | serous otitis media |
| AOM | acute otitis media |
| AD | right ear (auris dextra) |
| AS | left ear (auris sinstra) |
Created by:
wallace263
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