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Ch 7 Progressive Era
Gatewayto US History Ch 7 Progressive Era
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The Progressive Era | the primary aim of the Progressive Era was to fix the political and economic injustices created by America's rapid industrialization. |
| Social Gospel Movement | this movement called on governments, churches and private charities to work together to help people in need. |
| Salvation Army | a social gospel group that emphasized the Christian duty to help those who are less fortunate. |
| Temperance Movement | this movement, of which is connected with the Social Gospel Movement, called for a ban on alcoholic drinks. |
| Consumers | this is another name for people who buy products in our economy. |
| Muckrakers | these were influential writers of the Progressive Era who exposed the abuses and corruption of industrial society. |
| Ida Tarbell | she wrote an investigative journal on how John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company was largely based on ruthless business practices. |
| Upton Sinclair | a Muckraker who wrote the book "The Jungle". This book was about poverty |
| Jacob Riis | a Muckraker who wrote the book "How the Other Half Lives". It examined the lives of the Urban Poor. |
| Settlement house | these dwellings provided services to immigrants and the urban poor, such as classes, English lessons, childcare, nursing of the sick and help obtaining citizenship. |
| Jane Adams | she operated a settlement house in Chicago known as the Hull House. |
| National Woman Suffrage Association | this Progressive association provided assistance for women and the development of their rights. |
| Municipal reform | this process is designed to improve or "clean up" city/local government. |
| political machines | these systems corruptly controlled local governments by having fixed elections and kickback to political bosses. |
| City Manager | this elected person would answer to a commission and maintain an honest operation of city government. |
| Robert La Follette | he was the leading Progressive Governor in the State of Wisconsin. He held railroads and other big businesses accountable for taxes and treating people fairly. |
| Secret Ballot | this process is where voters marked their ballots in private making them less subject to pressure and intimidation. |
| Initiative | Voter could directly introduce bills into the state legislature. |
| Referendum | Voters could repeal a law already passed by the legislature through a special election. |
| Recall | Elected officials could be removed from office. |
| Direct Primary | a special election where party members indicated their preference for their party's nominees. |
| 17th Amendment | this amendment gave voters the direct right to elect their Senator. |
| Womens Suffrage | this movement called for women to have their right to vote in elections |
| Child Labor | this labor practice used child to do dangerous, hard work for little pay. |
| Susan B. Anthony | she was the one of the leading champions of the Women's Rights movements. The published a weekly journal called "The Revolution" and co founded the NWSA (National Woman Suffrage Association. |
| Alice Paul | the daughter of wealthy Quakers, she organized "marches" on cities such as Washington D.C. on behalf of Women's Suffrage. She led hunger strikes while in prison of which lead to sympathy to her cause. |
| Theodore Roosevelt | this charismatic President of the United States promised Americans a "Square Deal" of which fair play and equality of opportunity. He was a trust buster help resolve labor strikers. |
| Government regulation | this is where the Federal Government of the United States takes control of public programs such as rail roads and communications to help keep things fair for the people. |
| "Square Deal" | this was President Theodore Roosevelt's promise to America. It was all about protecting the people of the United States. |
| Coal Strike of 1902 | in this strike, President Roosevelt was able to bring union leaders and business owner in the coal industry to the negotiation table. This was done because it was in the "public's best interest" to end this strike. |
| Meat Inspection Act | this program established government inspection of meat shipped between the states. |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | this act prohibited the adulteration of foods or the use of poisons as preservatives. |
| William Howard Taft | this President of the United States continued Roosevelt's policies such as trust busting and civil service reform. He was also an advocate of the 16th Amendment. |
| 16th Amendment | this Constitutional Amendment permits the federal government to collect income taxes on individuals. |
| Woodrow Wilson | this President of the United States gave annual "State of the Union" speeches. His policies wanted to tame "Big Business" by adding more competition. He passed a series of major legislative reforms, reshaping American society. |
| Graduated Income tax | this is a direct tax on the incomes of wealth people at a higher rate. The poor pay less. |
| Federal Reserve Act | this act created a more elastic currency that could expand or contract according tot he nation's needs. |
| Clayton Antitrust Act | this act prohibited certain unfair business practices. Also, it states that antitrust laws could not be used against labor unions or farmers cooperatives. |
| Federal Trade Commission | this act established the Federal Trade Commission with the purpose to investigate corporate activities. The courts will judge their practices fair or unfair. |
| Everglades | land in southern Florida that became a federally controlled park in 1947. |
| Governor Broward | this governor of Florida stood up for farmers and small businesses. He also made vast improvements to Florida from 1905 to 1909 |
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