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Semester Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Political party that favored limited power for the national government | Democratic - Republican |
| warned Americans that political parties would have harmful effects | George Washington |
| Political party formed in 1854 by people who wanted to keep slavery out of the northern territories | Republican |
| Series of statements describing a political party's beliefs and positions | Platform |
| Believed in a strong national government | Alexandra Hamilton |
| Elections in which voters choose the party candidates who will run in a general election | Direct primary |
| Strong political parties whose candidates win elections year after year | Political machines |
| Procedure followed by unaffiliated candidates to get their names on ballot | Petition |
| Geographic area containing a specific number of voters | Precinct |
| Meeting of state or local party organizations | Caucus |
| Voting results | Returns |
| Lack of interest | Apathy |
| A voting district | Precinct |
| Asking a sample of voters leaving selected polling places how they voted | Exit poll |
| The list of candidates on which you cast your vote | Ballot |
| Part of the process that Americans use to select their president | Electoral College |
| A way for citizens to propose new laws or state constitutional amendments | Initiative |
| A proposed law | Proposition |
| A way for citizens to approve or reject a state or local law | Referendum |
| A special election in which citizens vote to remove a public official | Recal |
| An attempt to promote a particular person or idea | Propaganda |
| Support for a candidate by a famous or popular person | Endorsement |
| An organization set up by an interest group to collect money to support favored candidates | Political action committee ( PAC) |
| A politician who has already been elected to office | Incumbent |
| Money for general purposes, not designated for particular candidates | Soft money |
| Forms of communication such as television, radio, newspaper, and movies | Mass media |
| A survey asking people questions about their attitudes | Public opinion poll |
| Person whose job is to conduct surveys regularly | Pollster |
| The idea and attitudes most people hols about a particular issue or person | Public opinion |
| People who unite to promote their beliefs about an issue | Interest group |
| Radio, television, and the internet | Electronic media |
| False information published to harm someone's reputation | Libel |
| Newspaper, magazines, newsletters, and books | Print media |
| Problems government leaders focus on the most | Public agenda |
| Secretly pass on information to reporters | Leak |
| To promise | Guarantee |
| Group that collects money from its members to support candidates | Political action committee |
| Representatives of interest groups who contact government official directly | Lobbyists |
| Impartial public interest group working on issues such as voter education | Nonpartisan group |
| Group that supports causes affecting the lives of American in general | Public interest group |
| System in which the federal and state governments share power | Federal system |
| Awards of money | Grants - in - state |
| Powers that are shared by the federal and state government | Concurrent powers |
| Approval | Consent |
| Powers that belong to the states | Reserved powers |
| Powers to veto specific parts of a bill | Line - item veto |
| Early release from prison | Parole |
| Way for voters to unseat governors | Recall election |
| Reduce a sentence | Commute |
| Official who reviews record-keeping | State auditor |
| Person who files a lawsuit | Plaintiff |
| Judge of a local court | Justice of the peace |
| A court that decides civil cases involving minor amounts of money | Magistrate court |
| Person being sued | Defendant |
| A legal action by a person or group against another person or group | Civil case |
| Location of the county courthouse | County seat |
| Examines all taxable property | Assessor |
| Enforces court orders | Sheriffs department |
| Elected chief administrative official | County executive |
| Makes sure that a county's money is spent legally | Auditor |
| In the New England states, a small political unit within a county | Town |
| Smallest unit of local government | Village |
| divided land in the Midwest into square blocks | Congress |
| Outside the New England area, a small political unit with a county | Township |
| Type of direct democracy | Town meeting |
| Basis of the laws of the state of Louisiana | Napoleonic Code |
| Was first published 450BC | Roman Law |
| An earlier ruling on a similar case | Precedent |
| Law based on court decisions | Common Law |
| First - Known system of written law | Code of Hammurabi |
| party that brings charges against an alleged criminal | plaintiff |
| offense punishable by a fine or short jail sentence | misdemeanor |
| individual or group accused of a crime | defendant |
| crime that carries serious consequences | felony |
| the printing of false and damaging information about another person | libel |
| a judge's authorization to enter a person's home or property | search warrant |
| a safeguard against being kept in jail unlawfully | writ of habeas corpus |
| a negotiation between the defense attorney and the prosecutor | plea bargaining |
| a law that punishes a person accused of a crime without a trial | bill of attainder |
| being retried for the same crime, an action prohibited by the Fifth Amendment | double jeopardy |
| important or urgent goals | priorities |
| system of roads, bridges,water, and sewers | infrastructure |
| money, material, and people needed to meet goals | resources |
| document that describes | master plan |
| guidelines followed when dealing with issues and problems that affect the entire community | public policy |
| main crime-fighting force in the United States | urban police |
| government programs that help people living in poverty | welfare |
| schools that receive state funding but have the freedom to be innovative | charter school |
| government money order that allows families to pay for private schools | tuition vouchers |
| program in which law enforcement officers become a visible presence in neighborhoods | community policing |
| act of protecting nature | environmentalism |
| technical name of garbage | solid waste |
| places used for garbage disposal | landfills |
| government agency that coordinates ant-pollution activities | EPA |
| attitude of refusal to accept anything undesirable in one's neighborhood | NIMBY |
| The governor is the head of | the state executive branch |
| In this excerpt, the governor suggest that the success of a long - term plan for the state's transportation funds depend primarily on | an amendment to the state constitution that will prohibit the use of transportation funds for other purposes |
| Article 8 of the Arkansas Constitution indicates that the Arkansas legislature is | bicameral |
| What role is a governor performing when he or she gives a campaign speech supporting a candidate for the U.S. Senate? | party leader |
| Which typically provides sewer and water services? | county govenment |
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