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Musculoskeletal Syst
H.I.T
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| AE | Most often - seen in documentation when referencing above- elbow amputation. |
| AK | Most often- seen in documentation when referencing above- knee amputation. |
| AP | Anterioposterior |
| BE | Below elbow -- same context as AE |
| BK | Below knee- same context as AK |
| C1,C2, etc. | Cervical vertebra |
| C1-C7 | Cervical vertebrae, 1 through 7 |
| CR | Closed reduction |
| CTS | Carpal tunnel syndrome |
| DIP | Distal Interphalangeal Joint |
| DJD | Degenerative joint disease |
| DTR | Deep tendon reflex |
| EMG | Electromyography |
| FM | Fibromyalgia |
| Fx | Fracture |
| IS | Intracostal space |
| L1,L2, etc. | Lumbar vertebra |
| L1-L5 | Lumbar vertebrae, 1 through 5 |
| MCP | Metacarpophalangeal joint |
| OA | Osteoarthritis |
| ORIF | Open reduction internal fixation |
| PKR | Partial knee replacement |
| PIP | Proximal intraphalangeal joint |
| ROM | Range of motion |
| S1, S2, etc. | Sacral vertebra |
| T1, T2, etc. | Thoracic vertebra |
| T1-T12 | Thoracic vertebrae, 1 through 12 |
| TENS | Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation |
| THA | Total hip arthroplasty |
| THR | Total hip replacement |
| TKA | Total knee arthroplasty |
| TKR | Total knee replacement |
| Muscles | Which holds the erect & allows movement |
| Bones | Which are connective tissues that protect the internal organs & form the framework of the body. |
| Cartilage | Thin sheets of fibrous connective tissue. |
| Joints | Allow for bending & rotating movements. |
| Ligaments | Are bands of connective tissue that connect the joints. |
| Synovia | Is the fluid that acts as a lubricant for the joints, tendon sheath, or a bursa. |
| Bursa | Is the synovial-filled sac that works as a cushion to assist in movement. |
| Fascia | Is the connective tissue that not only covers but also supports & separates muscles. |
| Infectious arthropathies | Are disorders of the joints that are caused by an infectious agent. |
| Arthritis | An inflammation of a joint. |
| Rheumatism | Which is a general term for deterioration & inflammation of connective tissues including muscle, tendons. synovium & bursa. |
| Rheumatiod Arthritis (RA) | Which is a disease of the autoimmune system in which synovia membranes are inflamed & thickened. |
| Osteoarthritis (OA) | Is also referred to as "degenerative arthritis" because it causes the degeneration of the articular cartilage. |
| Degenerative Joint Disease | Is frequently used to describe this type of osteoarthritis. |
| Dorsopathies | Which are disorders of the back. |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | A form of rheumatoid arthritis. It is a chronic inflammation of the spine & sacroiliac joints. |
| Ankylosis | Is the complete fusion of the vertebrae. |
| Spondylitis | Inflammation of the vertebrae. |
| Myelopathy | Refers to any disorder of the spinal cord. |
| Herniated disc | Is a result of the rupture of the nucleus pulposus, or the material in the center of the disc. |
| Myositis | An inflammation of the muscle. |
| Bursitis | An inflammation of the bursa. |
| Osteoporosis | Is a reduction in the bone mass that is responsible for different conditions that can affect a person's health. |
| Aporosity | A swiss cheese appearance of the bones, creating a decrease in bone mass. |
| Dawager's Hump | An abnormal curvature in the upper thoracic spine |
| (Pathological )Compression Fracture of the Spine | Occurs when the vertebrae becomes weak & collapse under low stress |
| Colles Fracture | Is a wrist fracture that typically occurs when a person tries to break a fall by extending the arm. |
| Pathological fracture | Is a break of a diseased bone that occurs from a minor stress or injury that would not normally occur in a healthy bone. |
| Stress fracture | Occurs when repetitive force is applied to a bone over a period of time. |
| Malunion fracture | Occurs when the fracture site is misaligned. |
| Nonunion | Occurs when the fracture fragments fall to unite. |
| Arthrodesis | Surgical repair or reconstruction fixation of a joint. |
| Arthroplasty | Plastic surgery of a joint. |
| Arthroscopy | Examination of the interior of a joint by use of an arthroscope. |
| Arthrotomy | A surgical incision of a joint. |
| Closed treatment | Treatment of fracture sites. When closed treatment occurs, the fracture site is not surgically exposed or opened. |
| Debridement | The removal of foreign material or devitalized of contaminated tissue from an area. |
| Dislocation | The displacement of a bone from normal anatomical position. |
| Exostosis | A benign bony growth that projects from the surface of a bone. |
| Fixation | The process of suturing or fastening a structure in place. |
| Manipulation | The reduction of a dislocation or fracture. |
| Muscle | Tissue that is composed of fibers and cells that cause movement and able to contract. There are 3 types of muscles: striated, cardiac, and smooth. |
| Open treatment | Treatment of a fracture when the site is surgically exposed and visualized. The site may have been opened for placement of internal fixation, but this does not always occur. |
| Osectomy | Removal of bone. |
| Oteoclasis | The process of creating a surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity. |
| Osteoplasty | Plastic surgery completed on bone tissue. |
| Osteotomy | Sawing or cutting of a bone. |
| Percutaneous skeletal fixation | Fracture treatment in which the fracture site is neither opened nor closed. Fixation is placed across the fracture site, typically under the guidance of x-ray imaging. |
| Skeletal traction | The application of force to a limb by a clamp, pin, screw, or wire that is attached to bone. |
| Skin traction | The application of force to a limb using felt that is applied to the skin. |
| Tendon | A dense fibrous band of connective tissue that attaches muscles to bones. |
| Wound Exploration | Is completed to determine the extent of an injury and includes surgical exploration of the wound area with enlargement of the wound. |
| Imaging guidance | Is the use of radiological techniques or procedures to visualize the placement of a needle, a catheter, or another device. |
| Incision | Are made into musculoskeletal structures |
| Excision | Is the surgical removal of tissue or a structure |
| Fasciectomy | Removal of fascia |
| Osteoectomy | Removal of bone |
| Synoveectomy | Removal of the synovial membrane of a joint |
| Curettage | The process of removing tissue by scraping |
| Closed reduction | Occurs by manually applying force to the injured area without making an incision into the skin. |
| Open reduction | Occurs when the site is surgically opened to realign the area. |
| External fixation | Involves the placement of pins through soft tissue and into the bone in order to hold an external appliance in place. |
| Internal fixation (ORIF) | Occurs when pins or a plate are internally place into the bone to hold the fracture. |
| Strapping | An area is done by using tape or bandage material to bind, protect, or immobilize an anatomical structure. |
| Casts | Are fiberglass or plaster rigid dressings. |
| Static splint | Is used to prohibit mobility. |
| Dynamic splint | Is used to allow limited mobility. |
| Diagnostic endoscopy/arthroscopy | Is completed to determine the extent of an injury or disease process and establish a diagnosis. |
| Surgical endoscopy/arthroscopy | Is performed to surgically treat an injury or condition or abnormality of a joint. |
Created by:
Diasia Ryals
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